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静电除尘器具有处理风量大、阻力能耗低、耐高温、除尘效率高等诸多优点,被广泛应用于工业尾气颗粒物净化领域[1-2]。电除尘设备除尘性能受到电场结构、电场电压、气流速度等众多因素的影响[3-5]。其中,电场结构直接影响电场分布和流场分布,进而影响除尘效率[6-7],故电场内部电极排列布置对设备除尘性能影响较大。
国内外学者做了大量关于电场结构优化相关的研究工作。依成武等[8]设计了单区双涡旋型极板电除尘器,通过实验证实了电压、收尘面积、流速以及粉尘粒径等对除尘效率的影响,并发现当电极电压约为18 kV、有效收尘面积为2.7 m2时,除尘效率最大。胡建华等[9]发现,改变极板间距会影响荷电颗粒的沉降速度与运动轨迹,电极线间距存在一个最佳值。张立莹等[10]研究得出,增大极板间距会降低电场强度和颗粒的荷电量,最终致使颗粒捕集效率下降。崔晓慧等[11]对新型阳极板进行排布优化研究,证明错位板排布有利于提高对微细粉尘的收集效率。AHMED等[12]研究了线板式电除尘的电场特性,得出减小线间距会增大放电电流值的结论。DONG等[13]研究表明,放电极间距在大于150 mm时,颗粒捕集效率没有明显提升,设定合适的放电极间距对电除尘器的设计至关重要。又有研究人员[14-16]提出,极板极线间距在符合一定比例时具有较好捕集效率,优化极-板间距对提高电除尘效率有重要作用。
本研究拟利用电晕电场模型、k-ε湍流模型、Lawless电荷累积模型来建立新的静电除尘多场模拟模型,并通过改变极板间距和极线间距,分析电场电势、风速、颗粒运动轨迹、除尘效率的变化特征,以揭示极线间距和极板间距对线板式除尘器效率的影响,从而为线板式电除尘内部结构和电极排布的优化和设计提供参考。
线板排布对静电除尘性能影响的数值模拟
Numerical simulation of the influence of wire and plate arrangement on electrostatic precipitator performance
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摘要: 为揭示电极排布对线板式电除尘器除尘性能的影响规律,基于电晕电场模型、k-ε湍流模型、Lawless电荷累积模型,建立了电除尘多物理场模拟模型,并通过改变极板间距和极线间距,分析了电场电势、风速、颗粒运动轨迹、除尘效率的变化特征。结果表明:极板间距增大降低了电势变化速率,极线间距减小导致放电极电势分布由点式转为条状,极线周围电势影响程度增强;增加极板间距或极线间距,均能减小流场内涡流范围,提高流速分布的均匀性;极板间距或极线间距减小,颗粒轨迹偏移的角度增大,除尘效率随之升高,且颗粒在电场停留的时间缩短;除尘效率与颗粒粒径呈正相关,除尘效率与极板间距或极线间距呈负相关。模拟得到的优化工况为:当极线间距为180 mm、极板间距为200 mm时,电除尘器对粒径为2.5 μm的颗粒除尘效率为98.6%。本研究通过构建新的模拟模型应用于线板式电除尘器的工况优化中,可为电除尘器结构优化设计和性能提升提供参考。Abstract: In order to obtain the influence law of electrode arrangement on the performance of wire-plate electrostatic precipitator, the multi physical field simulation model was established based on corona electric field model, k-ε Turbulence model and Lawless model. The variation characteristics of electric field potential, wind speed, particle trajectory and dust removal efficiency were analyzed via changing the distance between plates or lines. The results showed that the increase of polar plate spacing reduced the potential change rate, and the decrease of polar line spacing led to the change of electrode potential distribution from point to strip, and the in-fluence degree of potential around electrode was enhanced. Increasing the distance between plates or lines could reduce the eddy current range and improve the uniformity of velocity distribution. With the decrease of polar plate spacing or polar line spacing, the angle of particle trajectory offset increased, and the dust removal efficiency increased. The dust removal efficiency was positively correlated with particle size, and negatively correlated with polar plate spacing or polar line spacing. When the polar line spacing was 180mm and the polar plate spacing was 200mm, the removal efficiency of particles with the size of 2.5μm was 98.6%. The research on the arrangement of wire plate structure can provide theoretical reference for the optimization of wire plate electrostatic precipitator.
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表 1 模型相关参数设置
Table 1. Setting of model related parameters
参数 数值 极板长度 1 200 mm 电极直径 2 mm 电极电压 45 kV 入口风速 1.0 m·s−1 空气温度 293.15 K 空气压力 101.3 kPa 颗粒直径 2.5 μm 颗粒密度 2 200 kg·m−1 表 2 模型边界条件
Table 2. Model boundary conditions
位置 边界条件 壁面条件 入口 速度入口 通过 出口 压力出口 冻结 电极 壁面 反弹 极板 壁面 冻结 -
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