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随着每年城市车辆保有量的持续增长,机动车尾气排放所产生的空气污染日渐严峻,越来越多的研究关注交通道路中氮氧化物(NOx)的动态变化[1-5];如申卫国等[1]研究了北京市交通道路中NOx的污染情况及影响因素;王同桂等[3]对重庆市干道交通污染源进行了特征分析;董红召等[4]对城市交通道路的NOx浓度进行了预测研究。一方面,大气污染物严重影响着城市居民身心健康与日常生活[6],长期暴露在低浓度NOx污染环境中会引起肺功能损伤[7],造成严重的呼吸系统的病变和心血管病变等[8-10];另一方面,由于臭氧在一些地方逐渐成为首要污染物,而臭氧的形成与NOx的二次污染有关[5, 11-14]。因此,在经济快速发展的背景下,城市交通道路污染情况的调查研究对城市生态环境改善具有重要的现实意义。
本文以佳木斯市区3种典型(交叉型道路、峡谷型道路和开阔型道路)城市交通道路为研究对象,2017年10月~2018年10月对道路空气中的NOx浓度及相关气象因素进行现场监测与分析,为今后佳木斯市城市交通道路空气环境治理提供依据。
典型交通道路空气中NOx污染现状及时空变化规律
——以佳木斯市区为例Study on the NOx Pollution Status and Its Temporal and Spatial Variation Characteristics in Urban Typical Traffic Roads ——A Case Study of Jiamusi
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摘要: 针对佳木斯市区开阔型、交叉口型和峡谷型3种典型的交通道路,2017年10月至2018年10月对氮氧化物(NOx)浓度进行了监测调查研究。结果表明:3种典型交通道路空气中NOx监测浓度波动范围为0.0245~0.2918 mg/m3,1 h浓度达标率为97.28%;NO2和NO监测浓度波动范围分别为0.008 4~0.114 0 mg/m3和0.005 5~0.172 8 mg/m3,均达到国家一级标准。各交通道路和对照点空气中NOx浓度早、晚有较高值;冬春季是交通道路NOx浓度较高时期,夏季则较低;在交叉口型和峡谷型道路的NOx浓度较高,其中NO的分担率大于NO2;而开阔型道路和对照点的NOx浓度较低,NO分担率小于NO2;NO浓度与NOx浓度的相关性程度高,而NO2浓度与NOx浓度的相关性低。Abstract: Nitrogen oxide (NOx) concentration was monitored and investigated from October 2017 to October 2018 for three urban typical traffic roads in Jiamusi, including the open road, the cross road and the canyon road. The results showed that the fluctuation range of NOx concentration for the three typical traffic roads was 0.0245~0.2918 mg/m3, and the rate of 1-hour average concentration with reaching standard was 97.28%. The fluctuation ranges of NO2 and NO concentration were 0.0084~0.1140 mg/m3 and 0.0055~0.1728 mg/m3, respectively. The monitored concentration reached the national level 1 standard. The NOx concentration in three traffic roads and the contrast points occurred higher values in the morning and evening. And the NOx concentration in winter and spring was higher than that in summer. The NOx concentration was higher in the cross and canyon roads, the contribution rate of NO was higher than that of NO2. The NOx concentration of the open road and the contrast point was lower, the NO contribution rate was less than that of NO2. There was a great correlated relationship between NO concentration and NOx concentration, while the correlation between NO2 and NOx was small.
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Key words:
- Urban Traffic Road /
- Nitrogen Oxide /
- Temporal and Spatial Variation /
- Jiamusi
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表 1 佳木斯市区典型道路大气NO
$_x $ 浓度与NO2、NO的平均分担率道路类型 cNOx/
mg·m−3NO2分担率/
%NO分担率/
%对照点 0.032 8 55.1±23.1 46.6±24.0 开阔型 0.066 5 58.2±14.7 44.1±11.7 峡谷型 0.082 4 42.9±14.9 45.6±12.2 交叉口型 0.109 2 39.4±12.3 51.3±16.4 表 2 佳木斯市区典型道路每日各时段内平均机动车辆数量情况
辆·min−1 道路类型 早 中 下 傍晚 平均值 开阔型 41±10 34±6 32±6 40±7 49±7 峡谷型 97±19 93±11 92±12 82±11 121±12 交叉口型 135±14 122±21 125±20 143±16 175±18 -
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