4种甲氧基丙烯酸酯类杀菌剂对拟澳洲赤眼蜂成蜂的急性毒性及安全性评价
Acute Toxicity and Safety Assessment of Four Strobilurin Fungicides on Trichogramma confusum
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摘要: 为甲氧基丙烯酸酯类杀菌剂合理使用提供科学依据，本研究采用试管药膜法测定了啶氧菌酯、吡唑醚菌酯、嘧菌酯和醚菌酯等4种药剂的原药及其制剂对拟澳洲赤眼蜂成蜂的急性毒性，并进行了安全性评价。对比原药结果发现，啶氧菌酯原药和醚菌酯原药毒性很高，LR50依次是2.66×10-4及7.32×10-4 mg a.i.·cm-2，均属于高风险；而吡唑醚菌酯原药及嘧菌酯原药毒性较低，LR50分别为3.01×10-3和3.47×10-3 mg a.i.·cm-2，均为中等风险药剂。对比制剂结果发现，啶氧菌酯悬浮剂毒性最高，LR50为5.02×10-5 mg a.i.·cm-2，为极高风险药剂；其次是吡唑醚菌酯悬浮剂及乳油，LR50分别为3.78×10-3和5.80×10-3 mg a.i.·cm-2，均为中等风险药剂；最低的是嘧菌酯水分散粒剂、悬浮剂和醚菌酯水分散粒剂，LR50均大于4.0×10-2 mg a.i.·cm-2，均为低风险药剂。部分甲氧基丙烯酸酯类杀菌剂对天敌赤眼蜂存在较高风险，特别是啶氧菌酯，应避免田间使用，或通过避开赤眼蜂释放期来减少对赤眼蜂的伤害。Abstract: The acute toxicity and safety of four strobilurin fungicides on Trichogramma confusum were evaluated in this study. Dry film residue method was followed to determine the acute toxicity of four strobilurin fungicides and their safety were also assessed. The LR50 of picoxystrobin technical and kresoxim-methyl technical to T. confusum were 2.66×10-4 and 7.32×10-4 mg a.i.·cm-2 respectively, which is higher acute intrinsic toxicity, with high risks; whereas both pyraclostrobin technical and azoxystrobin technical had a lower intrinsic toxicity with LR50 of 3.01×10-3 and 3.47×10-3 mg a.i.·cm-2, both moderate risks. However, among four strobilurin fungicide formulations, picoxystrobin SC gave the highest intrinsic toxicity with LR50 of 5.02×10-5 mg a.i.·cm-2, extremely high risk; followed by pyraclostrobin SC and EC with LR50 of 3.78×10-3 and 5.80×10-3 mg a.i.·cm-2, both moderate risks. The lowest intrinsic toxicity was observed in azoxystrobin WG and SC, kresoxim-methyl WG with LR50 of >4.0×10-2 mg a.i.·cm-2, all low risks. Some strobilurin fungicides, especially picoxystrobin formulations had a high risk on Trichogramma. Thus, it is suggested that we should avoid applying these fungicides during releasing Trichogramma in the field.
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Key words:
- strobilurin /
- fungicide /
- Trichogramma /
- acute toxicity /
- safety assessment
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