海洋环境暴露下生物膜对微塑料的理化性质和环境行为影响研究进展
A Review on Effects of Biofilm Formation on Physicochemical Properties and Environmental Behavior of Microplastics in Marine Environment
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摘要: 在风、光、微生物等共同作用下，长期暴露于环境中的塑料易碎裂成粒径较小的塑料碎片或颗粒，即微塑料。微塑料已被认为是一种可能会严重威胁到海洋生物安全的新型污染物，大部分合成塑料极难降解。疏水性的微塑料可随着水流做长距离的迁移，成为微生物、藻类和虫类等生物附着生长的载体。微塑料表面生物膜的形成可改变其表面形貌、粗糙度和表面官能团等理化性质，进而影响其环境行为和归趋。本文系统地综述了海洋环境下微生物群落附着对微塑料理化性质的影响，并进一步讨论了生物膜的形成对微塑料沉降和吸附行为的影响及其机制，以期为海洋环境中微塑料的生物降解、污染控制和生态风险评估提供理论指导。Abstract: Under the combined action of wind, light and microorganisms, plastics present in the environments are easy to break into smaller plastic fragments or particles, namely microplastics. Microplastics have been considered as emerging pollutants, and may pose a potential risk to the safety of marine organisms. Besides, some synthetic plastics are refractory to degrade. Hydrophobic microplastics can migrate for a long distance with water flow, and become vectors of microorganisms, algae and other marine organisms. Microbial colonization of microplastics could induce a series of changes in their surface morphology, roughness, surface functional groups, and other physicochemical properties. These changes further affect their environmental behavior and fate. In the present paper, the effects of microbial communities on the physicochemical properties of microplastics in the marine environment were comprehensively reviewed. The impacts of biofilm formation on the sedimentation and adsorption behavior of microplastics and the possible mechanism were also discussed. This review could provide theoretical guidance for biodegradation, pollution control and ecological risk assessment of microplastics in the marine environment.
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Key words:
- microplastics /
- biofilm /
- environmental behavior /
- physicochemical properties /
- marine environment
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