水生生态系统中微塑料对微藻的生态毒理效应研究进展
Research Progress on Ecotoxicological Effects of Microplastics on Microalgae in Aquatic Ecosystems
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摘要: 作为一种新污染物，微塑料引起的环境问题日益严重，引起的生物效应和健康风险备受关注。微塑料粒径小，比表面积大，易成为各种污染物的载体，影响水生生物的生长繁殖或沿食物链传递，从而威胁到水生生态系统的安全。然而微塑料对水生生物的毒性作用机理尚不明确，因此，微塑料对水生生态系统的影响在很大程度上仍然是未知的。微藻是水生食物链的基础，是水生生态系统的基本组成部分，也是实现多种生态系统功能的关键生物，了解微塑料对微藻的生态毒性效应有助于评估其生态风险。本文基于已有研究，通过个体-种群-群落-生态系统等不同尺度综合论述微塑料对微藻的生态毒理效应，解析微塑料对微藻毒性作用的影响因素，包括浓度、粒径、形状、表面电荷和添加剂等。在此基础上，提出当前领域存在的问题和未来研究的重点方向。期望能为今后的微塑料毒性作用研究提供理论基础和数据参考。Abstract: As a new type of environmental pollutants, microplastics have caused many environmental problems, including biological effects and health risks, and gradually attracted worldwide attention. Microplastics with small particle sizes and large specific surface areas are easy to become the carriers of various pollutants, affecting the growth and reproduction of aquatic organisms. At the same time, they can be transmitted along the food chain, threatening the safety of aquatic ecosystems. However, the toxic mechanism of microplastics on aquatic organisms is not clear. Therefore, the effects of microplastics on aquatic ecosystems remain largely unknown. Microalgae are the foundation of the aquatic food chain, as well as the basic components of the aquatic ecosystem and the key organisms that realize various ecosystem functions. Understanding the impact of microplastics on microalgae is helpful to assess its ecological risks. This paper comprehensively discusses the mechanism of microplastics on microalgae through different scales such as individual, population, community and ecosystem, and further summarizes the influencing factors of the toxicity of microplastics on microalgae, including concentration, particle size, shape, surface charge, and additives. On this basis, the current problems in the field of microplastics are proposed, and the direction and focus of future research are put forward. It is expected to provide a theoretical basis and data reference for future studies on the toxicity of microplastics.
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Key words:
- microplastics /
- microalgae /
- ecotoxicological effects /
- mechanisms of action /
- aquatic ecosystems
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