利用生物标记物综合指数评价煤矿区水体沉积物污染及其因果关系分析
Evaluation of Water Sediment Pollution and Causal Relationship Analysis in Coal Mine Areas by Integrated Biomarker Response Index
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摘要: 煤矿区废水渗漏是下游沉积物中重金属的主要来源之一，持久影响着周边水生态健康。本研究以重庆市某煤矿区周边水系为研究区域，利用内梅罗综合污染指数(P综合)和污染负荷指数(PLI)分析沉积物中重金属污染程度及其主要污染因子。以当地大量养殖的美国青蛙(Rana grylio)蝌蚪为试验动物，通过筛选生物标记物，利用生物标记物综合指数(IBRv2)指示沉积物重金属复合污染程度及其生态毒性效应，并分析其因果关系。结果显示，该煤矿废水渗漏导致周边水域沉积物中Zn、Cu、Cr、Ni、Mn含量显著提高，且以Cu、Zn为主。与对照组比较，3个样地沉积物重金属污染对蝌蚪超氧化物歧化酶活性、总抗氧化能力、丙二醛和谷胱甘肽含量、微核率影响显著(P<0.05)，IBRv2与P综合和PLI显著相关。结果表明，IBRv2法能够很好地反映出煤矿区下游沉积物重金属综合污染程度及其对受试生物的生态毒性效应，且明确了二者之间具有直接的因果关系，导致综合生物效应的主要化学污染因子为Cu、Zn、Cr。同时，表明了该煤矿区主要污染来源于洗煤厂区域的废水排放。本研究可为煤矿区水环境污染的生物监测技术开发与生物标记物优选提供数据支持。Abstract: Wastewater leakage in coal mine area is one of the main sources of heavy metals in the downstream sediment, and persistently impacts the ecological health of the surrounding water environments. In this study, the water sediments near a coal mine area in Chongqing were collected, with Nemerow composite pollution index (Pcomprehensive) and pollution load index (PLI) used to characterize the heavy metal pollution and its main pollution factors. A widely cultured American frog (Rana grylio) tadpole was selected as the test animal, and the Integrated Biomarker Response Index (IBRv2) was used to indicate the heavy metal pollution degree and its ecotoxic effect in the sediment, and the causal relationship between them was analyzed. The results show that the content of Zn, Cu, Cr, Ni and Mn increased significantly due to the wastewater leakage from coal mining, with Cu and Zn as the main pollution factors. Compared with the control group, the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH), and micronucleus rates (MN) of tadpoles were significantly affected by sediment pollution in the three plots (P<0.05), and IBRv2 were significantly correlated with Pcomprehensive and PLI, respectively. The results show that IBRv2 can well reflect the comprehensive pollution degrees of heavy metals and their ecotoxic effects in sediments, and a clear causal relationship between them is revealed. Besides, the main chemical pollution factors leading to the comprehensive biological effects were identified as Cu, Zn, and Cr, which mainly stem from the waste water discharge of coal washing plant. This study can provide data support for the development of biological monitoring technology and biomarkers optimization of water environmental pollution in coal mine areas.
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Key words:
- sediment contamination /
- Rana grylio /
- animal toxicity /
- biological monitoring
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