基于物种敏感度分布及相平衡理论的汾河流域磺胺类抗生素生态风险阈值研究
Study on Ecological Risk Threshold of Sulfonamides Antibiotics in Fenhe River Basin Based on Species Sensitivity Analysis and Phase Equilibrium Theory
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摘要: 磺胺素类抗生素(SAs)广泛应用于医疗、畜禽养殖等领域。但过量的SAs通过多种方式最终进入流域水体和沉积物中，对流域生态系统带来潜在的风险。预测无效应浓度(PNEC)可以作为评估污染物潜在生态风险的阈值，因此确定水体和沉积物中SAs的PNEC是风险评估的关键。本研究以黄河支流——汾河流域为研究区，通过采集水体和沉积物的样品，发现水体中SAs的磺胺甲恶唑(SMX)含量最高，均值为73.6 ng·L-1，而磺胺醋酰(SAAM)检出率最高，高达100%。沉积物中仅检出了2种SAs类抗生素，为磺胺醋酰(SAAM)和磺胺喹恶啉(SQX)，但检出频率却高达100%。基于物种敏感度分布(SSD)得到水体中SAs的生态风险阈值为3.40~440 μg·L-1。在此基础上，基于水-沉积物密度、体积比等参数，采用相平衡理论(EqP)进一步得到了沉积物中SAs的生态风险阈值为0.065~75.5 mg·kg-1。基于确定的生态风险阈值，对汾河流域SAs现状进行风险评估，结果表明仅水体中的甲氧苄啶(TMP)的风险商(RQ)均值为0.014，存在一定的低风险，但超标概率仅为8%，而其他类别在水体和沉积物中RQ均低于0.01，均无显著风险。
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关键词:
- 磺胺类抗生素(SAs) /
- 预测无效应浓度(PNEC) /
- 物种敏感度分布(SSD) /
- 相平衡理论(EqP) /
- 生态风险阈值
Abstract: Sulfonamide antibiotics (SAs) are widely used in medical treatment, livestock and poultry breeding, aquaculture and other fields. However, excessive use of SAs enters the water and sediment of watershed through domestic sewage, surface runoff, and so on, resulting in potential risks for the ecosystem. Predicted no effect concentration (PNEC) can be regarded as the threshold for assessing the potential ecological risk of pollutants, therefore calculating the PNEC of SAs in water and sediment is the key to assess the ecological risk. In this study, through collecting samples of water and sediment in Fenhe River Basin, a tributary of the Yellow River, the results showed that the concentrations of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) in water were the highest, with an average of 73.6 ng·L-1, and the detection rate of sulfacetamide (SAAM) was the highest, with 100% detection rate. However, only two types of SAs, SAAM and sulfaquinoxaline (SQX), were detected in the sediments, with detection frequency as high as 100%. Based on species sensitivity analysis (SSD), the ecological risk threshold for SAs in water was obtained, ranging from 3.40 to 440 μg·L-1. Then, combined the density, volume ratio and other parameters of water and sediment, the ecological risk threshold of SAs in the sediment was also obtained using the method phase equilibrium theory (EqP), and the results were 0.065~75.5 mg·kg-1. Based on the ecological risk threshold of SAs in water and sediment in the Fenhe River Basin, the ecological risk was further assessed. The results showed that the average risk quotient (RQ) of trimethoprim (TMP) in water was 0.014, which could result in low risk with the probability of exceeding the threshold being only 8%. The RQ values of the other were all less than 0.01, indicating insignificant risk. -
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