长江十年禁捕初期石臼湖鱼类群落多样性及环境影响因子研究
Fish Community Diversity and Environmental Drivers in Shijiu Lake during the Early Phase of the Ten-Year Fishing Ban on the Yangtze River
-
摘要: 为掌握长江十年禁捕初期石臼湖鱼类群落多样性及关键环境影响因子，于2023年平水期(6月)、丰水期(8月)、枯水期(12月)在石臼湖开展了3次调查。调查期间共采集鉴定鱼类56种，隶属8目14科41属，其中鲤科鱼类物种数最多(38种)，占比67.86%。石臼湖鱼类优势种为鳙、贝氏、似鳊、鲢等4种，其中鳙为第一优势种。生态类型上，群落优势类群为定居性鱼类(78.57%)、杂食性鱼类(46.43%)、底层鱼类(35.71%)。石臼湖鱼类多样性指数不同水期间存在显著差异(P<0.05)，枯水期多样性指数(H')与均匀度指数(J')最高，平水期最低；鱼类物种数不同水期间差异不显著(P>0.05)，丰水期最多(47种)，平水期最少(41种)。聚类(Cluster)与非度量多维尺度(NMDS)分析结果表明，鱼类聚为入湖口、湖心区—湖汊区—沿岸带2个类群，群落结构存在显著差异(R=0.989,P<0.01)。冗余分析(RDA)显示，水位、水温、总氮和浊度是影响鱼类群落结构的关键环境因子。石臼湖禁捕后鱼类资源恢复效果明显，鱼类物种数较禁捕前(2017年)增加20种，多样性指数(H')从1.64提升至2.24。但总体来看，鱼类资源现状与历史记录相比仍有较大差距，需进一步巩固禁捕成效，加强执法监管，强化鱼类资源养护及栖息地生态修复等保护措施。本研究成果可为石臼湖鱼类资源养护、管理提供科学支撑，也为石臼湖禁捕效果评估提供基础数据。Abstract: To understand the diversity of fish community and key environmental drivers in Shijiu Lake during the early phase of the ten-year fishing ban on the Yangtze River, three surveys were conducted in 2023 during the normal season (June), wet season (August) and dry season (December). A total of 56 fish species were collected and identified, belonging to 8 orders, 14 families, and 41 genera. Among these, the family Cyprinidae had the highest number of fish species (38 species), accounting for 67.86%. The dominant fish species in Shijiu Lake were Aristichthys nobilis, Hemiculter bleekeri, Pseudobrama simoni and Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, with Aristichthys nobilis being the most predominant. The ecological types of the fish community were dominated by sedentary fishes (78.57%), omnivorous fishes (46.43%), and demersal fishes (35.71%). Fish diversity indices in Shijiu Lake exhibited significant differences across water periods (P<0.05), with the highest diversity index (H') and evenness index (J') observed during the dry season and the lowest during the normal season. However, the number of fish species did not show significant differences across water periods (P>0.05), with the wet season recording highest number of fish species (47) and the normal season the lowest (41). Cluster analysis and non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) revealed two main community clusters: the lake inlet and the lake center-tributary-littoral zone. Significant differences in the fish community structure were observed (R=0.989, P<0.01). Redundancy analysis (RDA) indicated that water level, water temperature, total nitrogen and turbidity were the key environmental factors influencing the fish community structure. Following the fishing ban in Shijiu Lake, the recovery of fish resources was evident. The number of fish species increased by 20 compared to pre-ban levels (in 2017), and the diversity index (H') increased from 1.64 to 2.24. Despite these improvements, the current status of fish resources still has a considerable gap compared with the historical records. Therefore, it is necessary to further consolidate the effectiveness of the fishing ban, strengthen law enforcement and supervision, and improve the conservation of fish resources and the habitat ecological restoration measures. This study provides scientific support for the conservation and management of fish resources in Shijiu Lake, and offers fundamental data for assessing the effectiveness of the fishing ban.
-
-
刘宏高,熊昱,李德旺,等.长江安徽段江湖连通性及生物通道恢复研究[J].人民长江, 2024, 55(1):69-74 , 81. LIU H G, XIONG Y, LI D W, et al. River-lake connectivity and biological corridors restoration at Changjiang River Anhui Reach[J]. Yangtze River, 2024, 55(1):69-74, 81.
王琳,丁放,曹坤,等.长江流域水域及消落区现状、变迁与渔业资源变动[J].水产学报, 2023, 47(2):31-49. WANG L, DING F, CAO K, et al. Status and transition of surface water fluctuation zones in the Yangtze River Basin and fishery resource change[J]. Journal of fisheries of China, 2023, 47(2):31-49.
于忠华,刘海滨,张涨.石臼湖流域江苏段生态环境驱动因素分析[J].水资源保护, 2010, 26(6):70-74. YU Z H, LIU H B, ZHANG Z. Eco-environmental driving factors analysis and countermeasures in Jiangsu Section of Shijiu Lake Basin[J]. Water resources protection, 2010, 26(6):70-74.
LIU X Q, WANG H Z. Estimation of minimum area requirement of river-connected lakes for fish diversity conservation in the Yangtze River floodplain[J]. Diversity and distributions, 2010, 16(6):932-940. NAUS C J, ADAMS S R. Fish nursery habitat function of the main channel, floodplain tributaries and oxbow lakes of a medium-sized river[J]. Ecology of freshwater fish, 2018, 27(1):4-18. RU H J, LIU X Q. River-lake migration of fishes in the Dongting Lake area of the Yangtze floodplain[J]. Journal of applied ichthyology, 2013, 29(3):594-601. 贺婉路,刘鹏飞,詹政军,等.通江湖泊石臼湖鱼类群落结构现状及其季节变化[J].中国水产科学, 2021, 28(6):728-736. HE W L, LIU P F, ZHAN Z J, et al. Current status and seasonal variations in fish community structure in the Shijiu Lake, the Yangtze River-connected lake[J]. Journal of fishery sciences of China, 2021, 28(6):728-736.
王学雷,蔡晓斌,杨超,等.长江中游河湖湿地系统演变与生态修复[J].中国科学基金, 2022, 36(3):398-405. WANG X L, CAI X B, YANG C, et al. Evolution and ecological restoration of riverine and lacustrine wetland system in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River[J]. Bulletin of national natural science foundation of China, 2022, 36(3):398-405.
张琳,王芳,俞欣,等.石臼湖生态环境问题与保护对策浅析[J].科技资讯, 2017, 15(13):89-90. ZHANG L, WANG F, YU X, et al. Analysis on eco-environmental problems and protection countermeasures of Shijiu Lake[J]. Science&technology information, 2017, 15(13):89-90.
王荣娟,张金池.石臼湖湿地生态系统健康评价[J].林业科技开发, 2011(2):70-74. WANG R J, ZHANG J C. Assessment of wetland ecosystem health in Shijiu Lake[J]. China forestry science and technology, 2011 (2):70-74.
陆晓平,张继路,夏正创.南京石臼湖固城湖水生态监测及修复措施探讨[J].中国水利, 2017(15):37-39. LU X P, ZHANG J L, XIA Z C. Monitoring of water ecology of Shijiu and Gucheng Lakes in Nanjing and restoration measures[J]. China water resources, 2017 (15):37-39.
蒋忠冠,曹亮,张鹗.洞庭湖鱼类的群落结构及其时空动态[J].水生生物学报, 2019, 43(S1):42-48. JIANG Z G, CAO L, ZHANG E. Spatio-temporal variations of fish assemblages in the Dongting Lake[J]. Acta hydrobiologica sinica, 2019, 43(S1):42-48.
朱迪,杨志,唐会元,等.长江下游浅水湖泊石臼湖鱼类资源现状及变化趋势[J].水生态学杂志, 2016, 37(2):34-41. ZHU D, YANG Z, TANG H Y, et al. Status and trend of fishery resources and water quality in Shijiu Lake on the Lower Yangtze River[J]. Journal of hydroecology, 2016, 37(2):34-41.
侯晓阳,龚龑君,严文婕,等.石臼湖流域新生代以来的地质环境演化[J].华北自然资源, 2021(3):108-109. 朱松泉.中国淡水鱼类检索[M].南京:江苏科学技术出版社, 1995:37. 王银平,匡箴,蔺丹清,等.长江安庆新洲水域鱼类群落结构及多样性[J].生态学报, 2020, 40(7):2417-2426. WANG Y P, KUANG Z, LIN D Q, et al. Community structure and species diversity of fish around the Xinzhou shoal in the Anqing Section of the Yangtze River, China[J]. Acta ecologica sinica, 2020, 40(7):2417-2426.
PINKAS L, OLIPHANT M S, IVERSON I L K. Food habits of albacore, bluefin tuna, and bonito in California waters[J]. Fish bulletin, 1971, 152:1-105 钱迎倩,马克平.生物多样性研究的原理与方法:生物多样性研究系列专著[M].北京:中国科学技术出版社, 1994:73-74. 曲方圆,于子山,隋吉星,等.丰度生物量比较法应用局限性[J].海洋科学, 2009, 33(6):118-121. QU F Y, YU Z S, SUI J X, et al. The limitations of abundance biomass comparison method[J]. Marine sciences, 2009, 33(6):118-121.
CLARKE K R. Non-parametric multivariate analyses of changes in community structure[J]. Australian journal of ecology, 1993, 18(1):117-143. GAUCH H G, Jr. Multivariate analysis in community ecology[M]. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press, 1982:81-82. 翟宏雨,郭文轩,王何寅,等.菜子湖禁捕初期鱼类群落特征及其历史变化[J].水生生物学报, 2024, 48(8):1414-1427. ZHAI H Y, GUO W X, WANG H Y, et al. Characteristics and historical changes of fish community in Caizi Lake during the early period of the"10-year fishing ban"[J]. Acta hydrobiologica sinica, 2024, 48(8):1414-1427.
阳敏,盛漂,张燕萍,等.禁捕初期鄱阳湖鱼类群落的结构特征[J].水生生物学报, 2022, 46(10):1569-1579. YANG M, SHENG P, ZHANG Y P, et al. Characteristics of fish assemblages of Poyang Lake at the initial stage of the fishing ban[J]. Acta hydrobiologica sinica, 2022, 46(10):1569-1579.
ESPÍNOLA L A, RABUFFETTI A P, ABRIAL E, et al. Response of fish assemblage structure to changing flood and flow pulses in a large subtropical river[J]. Marine and freshwater research, 2017, 68(2):319. 邓艳敏,王银平,胡敏琦,等.禁捕前鄱阳湖鱼类群落多样性及环境影响因子研究[J].水产学报, 2023, 47(2):193-205. DENG Y M, WANG Y P, HU M Q, et al. Fish community diversity and environmental influencing factors in Poyang Lake before the fishing ban[J]. Journal of fisheries of China, 2023, 47(2):193-205.
徐海根,强胜,韩正敏,等.中国外来入侵物种的分布与传入路径分析[J].生物多样性, 2004, 12(6):626-638. XU H G, QIANG S, HAN Z M, et al. The distribution and introduction pathway of alien invasive species in China[J]. Chinese biodiversity, 2004, 12(6):626-638.
王晓凤,葛红波.武汉江湖连通的环境影响浅析--以汉阳六湖连通为例[J].绿色科技, 2014(2):192-195. 王硕.长江水生生物资源总体呈现恢复向好态势[N].人民政协报, 2024-08-16(9) 胡茂林,吴志强,刘引兰.鄱阳湖湖口水位特性及其对水环境的影响[J].水生态学杂志, 2010, 31(1):1-6. HU M L, WU Z Q, LIU Y L. Characteristics of water level and its effects on water environmental factors in Hukou Area of Poyang Lake[J]. Journal of hydroecology, 2010, 31(1):1-6.
方冬冬,杨海乐,张辉,等.长江中游鱼类群落结构及多样性[J].水产学报, 2023, 47(2):154-170. FANG D D, YANG H L, ZHANG H, et al. Fish community structure and diversity in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River[J]. Journal of fisheries of China, 2023, 47(2):154-170.
RÖPKE C P, AMADIO S A, WINEMILLER K O, et al. Seasonal dynamics of the fish assemblage in a floodplain lake at the confluence of the Negro and Amazon Rivers[J]. Journal of fish biology, 2016, 89(1):194-212. HARYANI G S, HIDAYAT, SAMIR O. Diversity of fish caught using gill nets in Lake Sentarum, West Kalimantan-Indonesia[J]. IOP Conference series:earth and environmental science, 2020, 535(1):012037. MATTHEWS W J. Patterns in freshwater fish ecology[M]. Boston, MA:Springer US, 1998:53. 胡敏琦,王银平,刘思磊,等.安庆七里湖湿地鱼类群落多样性特征及其影响因子[J].生态学杂志, 2021, 40(8):2485-2495. HU M Q, WANG Y P, LIU S L, et al. Fish community diversity and its relationship with environmental variables in Qili Lake wetland in Anqing[J]. Chinese journal of ecology, 2021, 40(8):2485-2495.
程琳.长江流域湖泊鱼类群落与主要环境因子关系及其预测模型[D].北京:中国科学院研究生院, 2011:47. CHENG L. Relationship between fish community and main environmental factors in lakes of Yangtze River Basin and its prediction model[D]. Beijing:Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2011:47. 尹立明.水温变化特性对衡水湖湿地生态环境影响的分析[J].海河水利, 2014(6):7-11. YIN L M. Analysis of water temperature change characteristics of Hengshui Lake wetland ecological environment[J]. Haihe water resources, 2014 (6):7-11.
王淑梅,刘艳辉.湖泊水库水体富营养化的危害及污染控制措施[J].吉林水利, 2009(10):12-13, 16. -
点击查看大图
计量
- 文章访问数: 272
- HTML全文浏览数: 272
- PDF下载数: 74
- 施引文献: 0
下载:
