高级搜索

铅暴露对人体健康风险评价的模型综述

,  , 

downloadPDF

上一篇

下一篇

张园, 耿春女, 蔡超. 铅暴露对人体健康风险评价的模型综述[J]. 环境化学, 2013, 32(6): 943-951. doi: 10.7524/j.issn.0254-6108.2013.06.004
引用本文: 张园, 耿春女, 蔡超. 铅暴露对人体健康风险评价的模型综述[J]. 环境化学, 2013, 32(6): 943-951. doi: 10.7524/j.issn.0254-6108.2013.06.004
shu
ZHANG Yuan, GENG Chunnu, CAI Chao. Review on models for lead exposure on human health risk assessment[J]. Environmental Chemistry, 2013, 32(6): 943-951. doi: 10.7524/j.issn.0254-6108.2013.06.004
Citation: ZHANG Yuan, GENG Chunnu, CAI Chao. Review on models for lead exposure on human health risk assessment[J]. Environmental Chemistry, 2013, 32(6): 943-951. doi: 10.7524/j.issn.0254-6108.2013.06.004
shu

铅暴露对人体健康风险评价的模型综述

  • 1.

    苏州科技学院环境科学与工程学院, 苏州, 215009;

  • 2.

    中国科学院城市环境研究所, 厦门, 361021

  • 基金项目:

    重金属污染场地诊断评价与修复支撑技术研究(201109052) 资助.

Review on models for lead exposure on human health risk assessment

  • 1.

    Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China;

  • 2.

    Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 361021, China

  • Fund Project:

  • 摘要: 铅是一种在暴露环境下,可以通过手口途径或者皮肤接触而进入人体,从而对人体许多组织器官都产生毒性作用的重金属,其对儿童的危害尤为突出.我国对暴露在铅环境下人体健康的风险评价研究起步较晚,基于血铅指标的铅污染土壤风险评估方法导则仍在探讨建立中.而国外已经存在一些较为成熟的用于成人及儿童的铅暴露吸收和生物动力学模型,其中被广泛接受和使用的是成人血铅模型(ALM)以及儿童在铅中的综合暴露吸收生物动力学模型(IEUBK).前者描述了关于非居住区土壤中铅暴露物对成人风险的评估,且重点针对污染土壤的铅暴露物所导致的孕妇体内胎儿的血铅浓度进行评估;后者则重点预测6-84个月的儿童在铅的综合暴露下的健康风险.本文旨在通过对这些模型进行对比总结,从而提出可用于我国铅污染风险评估的理论依据及指导方法.
    Abstract: Lead is a heavy metal with toxic effect and widespread in the environment. It may enter the human blood through hand/mouth way or skin contact, thus produce toxic effect on many human organs. Lead exposures were demonstrated to be more harmful to children's health. However, the research of lead exposure on human health risk assessment has just been carried out in China. Moreover, risk assessment method of lead pollution in soil based on the blood lead target was not established until now. Some bio-dynamic models have been developed to describe the lead exposure to adults and children in several foreign countries. The most widely accepted and used ones are the adult blood lead model (ALM), and the integrated exposure uptake biokinetic model (IEUBK). The former describes risk assessment of lead exposure in soil to the adults who are in the non-residential area, and it focuses on the fetal blood lead concentrations in the body. The latter model emphasizes the health risk prediction of 6-84 month old children under comprehensive lead exposure.This articles summaries and compares these two models with a hope to provide theretic basis for the risk asseesment of lead pollution in China.
  • 加载中
  • [1] 张一鹏.城市儿童铅污染的现状、原因及防治措施[J].职大学报,2004(4):8-9
    [2] 沈晓明.我国儿童铅中毒的现状[J].临床儿科杂志,1996,14(3):200-201
    [3] 何清,叶风云,焦宏,等.北京市儿童血铅水平及相关因素的调查研究[J].中华儿科杂志,1998,36(3):139-140
    [4] 宋欣,张红忠,郝广荣,等.珠海市0-6岁儿童血铅水平的流行病学调查[J].中国儿童保健杂志,2002,10(4):200-202
    [5] Sharma S S,Schat H,Voous R.Invitro alleviation of heavy metalInduced enzyme inhibition by praline [J]. Phytochemistry,1998,49(6): 1531 -1535
    [6] Martinez C E, Motto L H.Solubility of load,zinc and copper added to mineral soils [J].Environmental Pollution,2000, 107:153-158
    [7] 洪春来, 王卫平, 孙慧锋,等. 土壤铅污染及其生物有效性评价研究进展[J]. 资源与环境科学, 2010, 12, 245-247
    [8] Schiewers,Voleskyb.Modeling multietal ion exchange in biosorption [J].Environ Sci Technol,1996,30(10):2921
    [9] 王夔.生命科学中的微量元素[M].北京:中国计量出版社,1992:266-572
    [10] 黄忠臣,王崇臣,王鹏,等. 北京地区部分公路两侧土壤中铅和镉的污染现状与评价[J]. 环境化学,27(2):267-368
    [11] Wagner R H.Environment and Man[M]. New York: W W Norton ＆ Company, 1971: 251-255
    [12] 刘海霞. 食品中铅污染的途径及预防[J]. 食品与健康, 2009, 08:09
    [13] 沈晓明, 郭迪, 昊圣榍. 96'关于国内儿童血铅中毒现状的报[R], 1996.
    [14] U.S. EPA. Technical Support Document: Parameters and equations used in the integrated exposure uptake biokinetic model for lead in children (v.0.99d)[R]. Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, D.C. EPA/540/R-94/040, 1994, PB94-963505
    [15] U.S. EPA. Guidance manual for the integrated exposure uptake biokinetic model for lead in children. Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, Washington, D.C. EPA/540/R-9 3/081, 1994, PB93-963510.
    [16] U.S. EPA. Recommendations of the technical review workgroup for lead for an interim approach to assessing risks associated with adult exposures to lead in soil[R]. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Technical Review Workgroup for Lead, 1996
    [17] Carlisle J C, Wade M J. Predicting blood lead concentrations from environmental concentrations [J]. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, 1992, 16: 280-289
    [18] Carlisle J C, Wade M J. Predicting blood lead concentrations from environmental concentrations [J]. Regulation Toxicol Pharmacy acol, 1992, 16: 280-289
    [19] Stern A H. Derivation of a target concentration of Pb in soil based on elevation of adult blood pressure [J]. Risk Analysis, 1994, 16: 201-210
    [20] Rabinowitz M B, Wetherill G W, Koppel J D. Kinetic analysis of lead metabolism in health humans[J]. Journal Clinic Investment, 1976, 58: 260-270
    [21] Bert J L, Van Dusen L J, Grace J R. A generalized model for the prediction of lead body burdens [J]. Environmental Resource, 1989, 48: 117-127
    [22] Leggett R W. An age-specific kinetic model of lead metabolism in humans [J]. Environmental Health and Perspect, 1993, 101: 598-616
    [23] O'Flaherty E J. Physiologically based models for bone-seeking elements. Ⅳ. Kinetics of lead disposition in humans [J]. Toxicol Appllication Pharmacol, 1993, 118: 16-29
    [24] O'Flaherty E J. Physiologically based models for bone-seeking elements. V. Lead absorption and disposition in childhood[J]. Toxicol Appllication Pharmacol, 1995, 131: 297-308
    [25] U.S. EPA. Review of adult lead models evaluation of models for assessing human health risk associated with lead exposures at non residential areas of superfund and other hazardous waste sites[R]. 2001, OSWE#9285.7-46
    [26] Bowers T S, Beck B D, Karam H S. Assessing the relationship between environmental lead concentrations and adult blood lead levels [J]. Risk Analysis, 1994, 14(2): 183-189
    [27] 张红振, 骆永明, 章海波,等.基于人体血铅指标的区域土壤环境铅基准值[J].环境科学,2009,30(10): 3036-3042
  • 加载中
WeChat 点击查看大图
计量
  • 文章访问数:  2536
  • HTML全文浏览数:  2472
  • PDF下载数:  1664
  • 施引文献:  0
出版历程
  • 收稿日期:  2012-09-14

铅暴露对人体健康风险评价的模型综述

  • 1.  苏州科技学院环境科学与工程学院, 苏州, 215009;
  • 2.  中国科学院城市环境研究所, 厦门, 361021
  • 收稿日期:  2012-09-14
基金项目:

重金属污染场地诊断评价与修复支撑技术研究(201109052) 资助.

摘要: 铅是一种在暴露环境下,可以通过手口途径或者皮肤接触而进入人体,从而对人体许多组织器官都产生毒性作用的重金属,其对儿童的危害尤为突出.我国对暴露在铅环境下人体健康的风险评价研究起步较晚,基于血铅指标的铅污染土壤风险评估方法导则仍在探讨建立中.而国外已经存在一些较为成熟的用于成人及儿童的铅暴露吸收和生物动力学模型,其中被广泛接受和使用的是成人血铅模型(ALM)以及儿童在铅中的综合暴露吸收生物动力学模型(IEUBK).前者描述了关于非居住区土壤中铅暴露物对成人风险的评估,且重点针对污染土壤的铅暴露物所导致的孕妇体内胎儿的血铅浓度进行评估;后者则重点预测6-84个月的儿童在铅的综合暴露下的健康风险.本文旨在通过对这些模型进行对比总结,从而提出可用于我国铅污染风险评估的理论依据及指导方法.

English Abstract

    全文HTML

参考文献 (27)

目录

/

返回文章
返回

Copyright © 2019 中国科学院生态环境研究中心