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纳米MgO对斜生栅藻的毒性效应及致毒机理

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吴明珠, 何梅琳, 邹山梅, 邓祥元, 王长海. 纳米MgO对斜生栅藻的毒性效应及致毒机理[J]. 环境化学, 2015, 34(7): 1259-1267. doi: 10.7524/j.issn.0254-6108.2015.07.2014123103
引用本文: 吴明珠, 何梅琳, 邹山梅, 邓祥元, 王长海. 纳米MgO对斜生栅藻的毒性效应及致毒机理[J]. 环境化学, 2015, 34(7): 1259-1267. doi: 10.7524/j.issn.0254-6108.2015.07.2014123103
shu
WU Mingzhu, HE Meilin, ZOU Shanmei, DENG Xiangyuan, WANG Changhai. Toxicities and mechanisms of MgO nanoparticles to Scenedesmus obliquus[J]. Environmental Chemistry, 2015, 34(7): 1259-1267. doi: 10.7524/j.issn.0254-6108.2015.07.2014123103
Citation: WU Mingzhu, HE Meilin, ZOU Shanmei, DENG Xiangyuan, WANG Changhai. Toxicities and mechanisms of MgO nanoparticles to Scenedesmus obliquus[J]. Environmental Chemistry, 2015, 34(7): 1259-1267. doi: 10.7524/j.issn.0254-6108.2015.07.2014123103
shu

纳米MgO对斜生栅藻的毒性效应及致毒机理

  • 1.

    南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院, 南京, 210095

  • 基金项目:

    江苏省自然科学基金(BK20140713)

    中国博士后科学基金(2013M531370,2014T70532)资助.

Toxicities and mechanisms of MgO nanoparticles to Scenedesmus obliquus

  • 1.

    College of Resources and Environmental Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China

  • Fund Project:

  • 摘要: 为探究纳米氧化镁(MgO)对微藻的毒性效应及致毒机制, 以斜生栅藻(Scenedesmus obliquus)为实验材料, 测定了纳米MgO对斜生栅藻细胞形态、生长、叶绿素含量及SOD和POD酶活性的影响.结果表明, 低浓度的纳米MgO(>0.8 mg·L-1)即可对斜生栅藻的生长及叶绿素的合成有抑制作用, 说明纳米MgO对斜生栅藻具有明显的毒性.100 mg·L-1纳米MgO处理时, 完全抑制了栅藻的生长和叶绿素的合成, 藻细胞在4 d内死亡.通过亚甲基蓝还原法测定培养体系中活性氧(ROS)含量发现, 随着纳米MgO浓度的升高, ROS大量增加;且纳米MgO暴露条件下, POD酶活性相比于对照组显著增强, 但不同浓度纳米MgO处理组之间POD酶活性无明显差异.纳米MgO处理96 h后, 当其浓度高于0.8 mg·L-1时, SOD酶活性随浓度升高而降低, 表明长时间暴露于纳米MgO后, SOD酶活性受高浓度纳米MgO抑制, 而POD酶则作为主要的抗氧化酶清除产生的各种自由基.扫描电镜观察发现, 纳米MgO(>20 mg·L-1)处理时, 斜生栅藻细胞变形, 甚至裂解.纳米MgO发生团聚, 附着在栅藻细胞表面;团聚的纳米MgO对藻细胞鞭毛有缠绕作用, 使细胞聚集成团, 限制了藻细胞的游动, 并导致细胞间相互遮弊, 不利于藻细胞吸收光能.透射电镜观察发现, 纳米MgO没有进入藻细胞内部.通过测定纳米MgO解离出的Mg2+的含量和对藻细胞部分生理生化指标的影响发现, 其对藻细胞没有毒性效应.因此, 纳米MgO对斜生栅藻的致毒机理可归纳为:通过释放大量ROS对藻细胞产生氧化胁迫抑制其生长;高浓度的纳米MgO引起藻细胞的接触性物理损伤, 导致藻细胞质壁分离, 裂解;同时纳米MgO团聚并覆盖在藻细胞表面, 通过与藻细胞鞭毛的相互作用使细胞聚集成团, 影响细胞的正常游动及其对光能、营养物质的吸收利用和气体的交换.
    Abstract: To reveal the toxicities of MgO nanoparticles (nano-MgO) on microalgae and the toxic mechanism, the response of growth, chlorophyll concentration, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) activities and its morphology of Scenedesmus obliquus exposed to different concentrations of nano-MgO were analyzed. The results showed that nano-MgO significantly inhibited the growth and the chlorophyll synthesis of S. obliquus, indicating that nano-MgO imposed a biological toxicity on S. obliquus. When treated with 100 mg·L-1 nano-MgO, the growth and increment of chlorophyll of the algal culture was completely inhibited, and the culture died after 4 d of incubation. The content of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the algal culture increased substantially with the concentration of nano-MgO. Enhancement of POD activity was observed in all treatments with different concentrations of nano-MgO, while nano-MgO (>0.8 mg·L-1) inhibited SOD activity. The POD acted as the main antioxidant enzymes to remove all kinds of free radicals.The scanning electron micrographs revealed that high concentration (>20 mg·L-1) of nano-MgO resulted in cell deformation even split. Nano-MgO tended to aggregate and adhere to the surface of the algal cells. The aggregates of nano-MgO entrapped the flagella of S. obliquus, leading to the formation of a larger aggregates comprised of the algal cells and nanoparticles. As indicated by the transmission electron micrographs, no nano-MgO was observed inside the algae cells, which might be due to the blocking effect of algal cell wall. The concentration of Mg2+ dissociated from nano-MgO was positively correlated with the concentrations of nano-MgO. However, the free Mg2+ did not impose toxic effect on S. obliquus. Therefore, the toxic mechanism of nano-MgO could be mainly attributed to the oxidative stress induced by substantial ROS released by nano-MgO, which inhibited cell growth. The high concentrations of nano-MgO(>100 mg·L-1) caused the contact physical damage of the algal cells, resulting in the separation of the cytoplasm wall and the deformation of the algae. In addition, nano-MgO formed an aggregate that coated on the surface of S. obliquus and entrapped the the flagella of S. obliquus, resulting in the limitation of cell mobility and reduction in absorbance of solar energy and nutrition by algal cells, including the gas exchange in the inter system.
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  • 收稿日期:  2014-12-31
  • 刊出日期:  2015-07-15
吴明珠, 何梅琳, 邹山梅, 邓祥元, 王长海. 纳米MgO对斜生栅藻的毒性效应及致毒机理[J]. 环境化学, 2015, 34(7): 1259-1267. doi: 10.7524/j.issn.0254-6108.2015.07.2014123103
引用本文: 吴明珠, 何梅琳, 邹山梅, 邓祥元, 王长海. 纳米MgO对斜生栅藻的毒性效应及致毒机理[J]. 环境化学, 2015, 34(7): 1259-1267. doi: 10.7524/j.issn.0254-6108.2015.07.2014123103
shu
WU Mingzhu, HE Meilin, ZOU Shanmei, DENG Xiangyuan, WANG Changhai. Toxicities and mechanisms of MgO nanoparticles to Scenedesmus obliquus[J]. Environmental Chemistry, 2015, 34(7): 1259-1267. doi: 10.7524/j.issn.0254-6108.2015.07.2014123103
Citation: WU Mingzhu, HE Meilin, ZOU Shanmei, DENG Xiangyuan, WANG Changhai. Toxicities and mechanisms of MgO nanoparticles to Scenedesmus obliquus[J]. Environmental Chemistry, 2015, 34(7): 1259-1267. doi: 10.7524/j.issn.0254-6108.2015.07.2014123103
shu

纳米MgO对斜生栅藻的毒性效应及致毒机理

  • 1. 南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院, 南京, 210095
  • 收稿日期:  2014-12-31
基金项目:

江苏省自然科学基金(BK20140713)

中国博士后科学基金(2013M531370,2014T70532)资助.

摘要: 为探究纳米氧化镁(MgO)对微藻的毒性效应及致毒机制, 以斜生栅藻(Scenedesmus obliquus)为实验材料, 测定了纳米MgO对斜生栅藻细胞形态、生长、叶绿素含量及SOD和POD酶活性的影响.结果表明, 低浓度的纳米MgO(>0.8 mg·L-1)即可对斜生栅藻的生长及叶绿素的合成有抑制作用, 说明纳米MgO对斜生栅藻具有明显的毒性.100 mg·L-1纳米MgO处理时, 完全抑制了栅藻的生长和叶绿素的合成, 藻细胞在4 d内死亡.通过亚甲基蓝还原法测定培养体系中活性氧(ROS)含量发现, 随着纳米MgO浓度的升高, ROS大量增加;且纳米MgO暴露条件下, POD酶活性相比于对照组显著增强, 但不同浓度纳米MgO处理组之间POD酶活性无明显差异.纳米MgO处理96 h后, 当其浓度高于0.8 mg·L-1时, SOD酶活性随浓度升高而降低, 表明长时间暴露于纳米MgO后, SOD酶活性受高浓度纳米MgO抑制, 而POD酶则作为主要的抗氧化酶清除产生的各种自由基.扫描电镜观察发现, 纳米MgO(>20 mg·L-1)处理时, 斜生栅藻细胞变形, 甚至裂解.纳米MgO发生团聚, 附着在栅藻细胞表面;团聚的纳米MgO对藻细胞鞭毛有缠绕作用, 使细胞聚集成团, 限制了藻细胞的游动, 并导致细胞间相互遮弊, 不利于藻细胞吸收光能.透射电镜观察发现, 纳米MgO没有进入藻细胞内部.通过测定纳米MgO解离出的Mg2+的含量和对藻细胞部分生理生化指标的影响发现, 其对藻细胞没有毒性效应.因此, 纳米MgO对斜生栅藻的致毒机理可归纳为:通过释放大量ROS对藻细胞产生氧化胁迫抑制其生长;高浓度的纳米MgO引起藻细胞的接触性物理损伤, 导致藻细胞质壁分离, 裂解;同时纳米MgO团聚并覆盖在藻细胞表面, 通过与藻细胞鞭毛的相互作用使细胞聚集成团, 影响细胞的正常游动及其对光能、营养物质的吸收利用和气体的交换.

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