北京什刹海区域水体富营养化时空演变特征分析
Analysis on temporal-spatial variation of eutrophication in Shichahai area, Beijing
-
摘要: 通过现场调研及资料收集,对北京什刹海区域东小村桥、松林闸、后海、前海、北海等5个监测点水体的总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)、高锰酸钾指数(CODMn)、透明度(SD)、叶绿素a(Chl-a)及综合营养状态指数的时空变化趋势进行分析和评价.结果表明,2007—2013年间什刹海区域水体TN和TP浓度偏高,Pearson相关系数分析表明水体TP浓度和综合营养状态指数呈显著正相关,即磷为水体富营养限制性因素.从时间演变趋势角度分析,2008年前后,该区域整体水质良好,营养化水平降低,其后水质状况呈恶化趋势.同时,什刹海水质变化具有显著空间变化特征,生态修复措施较为到位的后海和前海水质明显优于其上下游监测点,而这种空间变化特征主要源于什刹海及其上下游不同区段水体的相对独立性和各段水体受污染的差异性.Abstract: The temporal and spatial variation of total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), potassium permanganate index (CODMn), transparence(SD), and the corresponding comprehensive eutrophication state index of five typical monitoring sites (Dongxiaoxunqiao, Houhai, Qianhai, Songlinzha, and Beihai) of Shichahai area were investigated. The results revealed that the concentration of TN and TP were on the high level, and the Pearson correlation coefficient analysis showed significant positive correlation between TP concentration and the corresponding comprehensive eutrophication state index. The phosphorus element was the limiting nutrient factor of the selected water area. It was also exhibited that the overall water quality of the area was improved and the eutrophic level decreased around 2008, while the quality of the water in the area deteriorated gradually since 2008. The water quality of Shichahai varied significantly with spatial differences.Due to efficient ecological restoration measures, the water quality of Houhai and Qianhai was better than that of the upper and lower stream of the lake. The spatial differences can be contributed to the relative independence of the different sections and different sources to introduce the pollutants into the waterbody.
-
Key words:
- Shichahai /
- eutrophication /
- temporal-spatial variation /
- Beijing
-
-
[1] 胡耐根. 水体富营养化的成因及防治对策[J]. 科技信息, 2009,33:726-727. HU N G. Causes of eutrophication and its control measures[J]. Science & Technology Information, 2009 ,33:726-727(in Chinese).
[2] 张莉. 湖泊富营养化及控制对策研究[J]. 环境与可持续发展, 2008,33(6):62-64. ZHANG L. Research on eutrophication and its control measures[J]. Environment and Sustainable Development, 2008,33(6):62-64(in Chinese).
[3] 赵金香, 王兆林. 浅析水体富营养化[J]. 环境科学动态,2003,28(1):28-30. ZHAO J X, WANG Z L. Analysis on Eutrophication[J]. Environmental Science Trends, 2003,28(1):28-30(in Chinese).
[4] 陈水勇, 吴振明, 俞伟波, 等. 水体富营养化的形成、危害和防治[J]. 环境科学与技术, 1999,22(2):12-16. CHEN S Y, WU Z M, YU W B, et al. Formation, Harm and prevention of eutrophication[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 1999,22(2):12-16(in Chinese).
[5] [6] 刘连成. 中国湖泊富营养化的现状分析[J]. 灾害学,1997,12(3):61-65. LIU L C. Status quo analysis of lake nutrition abundance in China[J]. Journal of Catastrophology, 1997,12(3):61-65(in Chinese).
[7] NASELLI-FLORES L. Urban lakes: Ecosystems at risk, worthy of the best care[R]. Proceedings of Taal2007: The 12th World Lake Conference, 2008: IND. [8] YANG W, WANG G, ZHANG L, et al. On temporalspatial var iability of water quality and environmental stress of Kuncheng Lake in Changshu City[J]. Journal of Natural Resources, 2007, 22(1):185-192. [9] 刘臣炜. 城市浅水湖泊富营养化数值模拟研究[D].南京:河海大学硕士学位论文, 2007. LIU C W. Study on Numerical simulation of eutrophieation of Shallow Lake in the city[D]. Nanjing: Master Thesis Hohai University, 2007(in Chinese). [10] 倪婉敏, 黄艺. 不同外源氮素对西湖湖区藻类生长的影响[J]. 环境化学, 2014,33(4):693-694. NI W M, HUANG Y. Effects of different nitrogen sources on the growth of algae in West Lake area[J]. Environmental Chemistry, 2014,33(4):693-694(in Chinese).
[11] 曲疆奇, 张清靖, 刘盼,等.北京陶然亭湖水质的时空变化[J]. 应用生态学报, 2013,24(4):1077-1084. QU J Q, ZHANG Q J, LIU P, et al. Temporal-spatial variation of water quality of Taoranting Lake in Beijing[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2013,24(4):1077-1084(in Chinese).
[12] 陶亮, 杨菊, 孙峰. "六海"富营养化态势及对策研究[J]. 北京水务, 2014,4:33-35. TAO L, YANG J, SUN F. Research on the situation and countermeasures of eutrophication in "six sea"[J]. Beijing Water, 2014 ,4:33-35(in Chinese).
[13] 王冲. 北京什刹海2008年再现一泓碧水[N]. 中国环境报, 2006-07-18008. WANG C. Beijing Shichahai will retrieve a pool of clear water in 2008[N]. China Environment News, 2006 -07-18008(in Chinese).
[14] 郝有志, 孔祥娟. 北京动物园水体及长河湾富营养化状态评价[J]. 中国给水排水, 2014,30(5):78-80. HAO Y Z, KONG X J. Evaluation on eutrophic status of water system in Beijing Zoo and Changhewan River[J]. China Water & Wastewater, 2014,30(5):78-80(in Chinese).
[15] 孟春红, 赵冰. 三峡水库蓄水后的富营养化趋势分析[J]. 农业环境科学学报, 2007,26(3):863-867. MENG C H, ZHAO B. Study on the trend of eutrophication after impounding in three gorges reservoir[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2007,26(3):863-867(in Chinese).
[16] 王明翠, 刘雪芹. 湖泊富营养化评价方法及分级标准[J]. 中国环境监测, 2002,18(5):47-49. WANG M C, LIU X Q. Evaluate method and classification standard on lake eutrophication[J]. Environmental Monitoring in China, 2002,18(5):47-49(in Chinese).
[17] 张蕊, 苏婧, 霍守亮, 等.抚仙湖营养状态评价及营养物水质标准制定[J]. 环境工程技术学报, 2012,2(3):218-222. ZHANG R, SU J, HUO S L, et al. The trophic status evaluation and development of nutrient water quality standards for Fuxian Lake[J]. Journal of Environmental Engineering Technology, 2012,2(3):218-222(in Chinese).
[18] [19] 090. Evaluation method and grading rules of eutrophication for lakes (Reservoir)[S]. Beijing: China Environmental Science Press, 2001(in Chinese). [20] 金相灿. 湖泊富营养化调查规范[M]. 北京: 中国环境科学出版社, 1987. JIN X C. Survey standards of lake eutrophication[M]. Beijing: China Environmental Science Press, 1987(in Chinese). [21] 高玉荣. 北京四海浮游藻类叶绿素含量与水体营养水平的研究[J]. 水生生物学报, 1992,16(3):237-244. GAO Y R. Research on the algae chlorophyll contents and trophic level in four connected lakes in Beijing[J]. Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica, 1992,16(3):237-44(in Chinese).
[22] 舒金华. 我国湖泊富营养化程度评价方法的探讨[J]. 环境污染与防治, 1990,12(5):2-7. SHU J H. The assessment methodology for eutrophieation level of lakes in China[J]. Environmental Pollution & Control, 1990,12(5):2-7(in Chinese).
[23] 翁笑艳. 山仔水库叶绿素 a 与环境因子的相关分析及富营养化评价[J]. 干旱环境监测, 2006,20(2):73-78. WENG X Y. Correlation between chlorophyll-a and related environmental factors in shanzi reservoir[J]. Arid Environmental Monitoring, 2006,20(2):73-78(in Chinese).
[24] 何光, 饶沛, 廖爱玲, 等. 什刹海水草疯长致游船停驶都是垂钓惹的祸? [N]. 新京报, 2014-04-17. HE G, RAO P, LIAO A L, et al. Does Fishing cause the overgrowth of aquatic plants forcing Sightseeing Boat to stop in Shichahai? [N]. The Beijing News, 2014-04 -17(in Chinese).
[25] Redfield A C. The biological control of chemical factors in the environment[J]. American scientist, 1958:230A-21. [26] 郑朔方, 杨苏文, 金相灿. 铜绿微囊藻生长的营养动力学[J]. 环境科学, 2005,26(2):152-156. ZHENG S F, YANG S W, JIN X C. Dynamic studies on the effect of nutrients on the growth of microcystis aerugi-nosa[J]. Environmental Science, 2005,26(2):152-156(in Chinese).
[27] LI Y, LI Z, GENG Y, et al. Effect of N, P concentration on growth rate[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2006,26(2):317-325. [28] 张垒, 李秋华, 吴迪, 等.贵州高原三板溪水库富营养化时空特征与影响因素[J]. 生态学杂志, 2015,34(2):463-470. ZHANG L, LI Q H, WU D, et al. Spatial-temporal characteristics and affecting factors of eutrophication in Sanbanxi Reservoir, Guizhou Province[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2015,34(2):463-470(in Chinese).
[29] 张亚克, 梁霞, 方焰星, 等.淀山湖浮游藻类增长的氮磷限制性营养研究[J]. 环境化学, 2011,30(10):1743-1750. ZHANG Y K, LIANG X, FANG Y X, et al. Study on the limiting nutrient element of phytoplankton growth in Dianshan Lake[J]. Environmental Chemistry, 2011,30(10):1743-1750(in Chinese).
[30] 尹澄清, 兰智文. 富营养化水体中藻类生长限制因素的确定及其应用[J]. 环境化学, 1993,12(5):380-386. YIN C Q, LAN Z W. Determination of algal growth limiting factors in Chaohu Lake and its application[J]. Environmental Chemistry, 1993,12(5):380-386(in Chinese).
[31] 车武, 刘燕, 李俊奇. 北京城区面源污染特征及其控制对策[J]. 北京建筑工程学院学报, 2002,18(4):5-9. CHE W, LIU Y, LI J Q. Characteristics of urban non-point pollution and control strategies in Beijing[J]. Journal of Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, 2002,18(4):5-9(in Chinese).
[32] 倪婉敏, 朱蕊, 张建英. 大气氮湿沉降对青山湖富营养化的影响[J]. 环境化学, 2012,31(5):631-635. NI W M, ZHU R, ZHANG J Y. Wet deposition of atmospheric nitrogen and its eutrophic effect on Qingshan Lake[J]. Environmental Chemistry, 2012,31(5):631-635(in Chinese).
[33] 李冬林, 王磊, 丁晶晶, 等.水生植物的生态功能和资源应用[J]. 湿地科学, 2011,9(3):290-296. LI D L, WANG L, DING J J, et al. Ecological functions and resource utilization of aquatic plants[J]. Wetland Science, 2011,9(3):290-296(in Chinese).
[34] 屠清瑛, 章永泰, 杨贤智. 北京什刹海生态修复试验工程[J]. 湖泊科学, 2004,16(1):61-67. TU Q Y, ZHANG Y T, YANG X Z. Approaches to the ecological recovery engineering in Lake Shichahai, Beijing[J]. Journal of Lake Sciences, 2004,16(1):61-67(in Chinese).
[35] 张文艺, 冯国勇, 张采芹, 等.水生植物-菌藻-生物膜复合生态系统污染物去除特性[J]. 环境化学, 2013,32(11):2193-2201. ZHANG W Y, FENG G Y, ZHANG C Q, et al. Pollutant removal characteristics in aquatic plants-algae-bacteria-biofilm complex ecosystem[J]. Environmental Chemistry, 2013,32(11):2193-2201(in Chinese).
[36] 朱斌, 陈增奇. 利用水生植物净化富营养化水体的研究进展[J]. 上海环境科学, 2002,21(9):564-567. ZHU B, CHEN Z Q. Study progress on purifieation of eutrophie water by aquatie maerophytes[J]. Shanghai Environmental Sciences, 2002,21(9):564-567(in Chinese).
[37] 范成新, 张路, 秦伯强, 等.风浪作用下太湖悬浮态颗粒物中磷的动态释放估算[J]. 中国科学: D辑, 2003,33(8):760-768. FAN C X, ZHANG L, QING B Q, et al. The Estimation to dynamic released phosphorus of suspended particulate matter under the action of wind and waves in Taihu Lake[J]. Scientia Sinica: Series D, 2003,33(8):760-768(in Chinese).
[38] 李辉, 潘学军, 史丽琼, 等.湖泊内源氮磷污染分析方法及特征研究进展[J]. 环境化学, 2011,30(1):281-292. LI H, PAN X J, SHI L Q, et al. Research progress on the analytical methods and characteristic of endogeneous nitrogen and phosphorus pollution in lakes[J]. Environmental Chemistry, 2011,30(1):281-292(in Chinese).
-
点击查看大图
计量
- 文章访问数: 920
- HTML全文浏览数: 864
- PDF下载数: 382
- 施引文献: 0
下载:
