长江安庆段及毗邻湖泊沉积物中多环芳烃分布及风险评价
Distribution and ecological risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sediments from Anqing section of Yangtze River and lakes around Anqing City
-
摘要: 采集长江安庆段及其沿江湖泊群表层沉积物样品共30个,检测16种多环芳烃(Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, PAHs)含量.结果表明,长江安庆段(4个断面)的∑PAHs浓度范围为36.0—221.6 ng·g-1(干重,下同),平均浓度为137.1 SymbolqB@ 76.5 ng·g-1;安庆沿江湖泊群(23个采样点)的浓度范围则为45.5—3608.8 ng·g-1,平均浓度为941.5 ± 868.5 ng·g-1.研究区域内∑PAHs主要以高环(4—6 环,HMW)为主,表明主要受交通运输、船舶油类以及化工厂等高温燃烧排放影响.同分异构体分析进一步表明,PAHs主要来源于燃烧排放,不同湖泊存在不同的潜在来源,嬉子湖受到石油排放源、煤木柴燃烧和石油及其精炼产品的燃烧等多重来源影响,而菜子湖中则主要受木材、煤等燃烧源影响,长江安庆段存在石油直接排放源及其燃烧源共同影响.石门湖和白荡湖则以石油及其精炼产品燃烧源为主.生态风险评价表明,长江安庆段及沿江湖泊群表层沉积物中PAHs处于较低的生态风险状态.Abstract: The concentrations of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were measured in 30 sediment samples from Anqing section of Yangtze River and the lakes around Anqing City. The results showed that the total concentrations of 16 PAHs in Anqing section of Yangtze River(4 sections)and adjacent lakes (23 samples) had a mean value of 137.1 ± 76.5 ng·g-1 ranging from 36.0 to 221.6 ng·g-1 (dry weight, dw), and 941.5 ± 868.5 ng·g-1 ranging from 45.5 to 3608.8 ng·g-1, respectively. The high molecular weight PAHs (4—6 ring, HMW) in all sediment samples were prevaling, indicating the combustion sources from emission of vehicle, ships and/or chemical industry. An evaluation of PAH sources based on diagnostic ratios suggested that PAHs in the surface sediment samples mainly derived from combustions of oil, coal or wood. Different PAH sources existed in different lakes, PAHs in Xizi Lake mainly derived from the mixed sources of oil discharge and combustion of oil and their refined products and combustion of wood and coal, PAHs in Caizi Lake mainly derived from combustion of wood and coal, while the mixed sources of direct discharge and combustion form oil and refined products mainly existed in Anqing section of Yangtze River, and combustion form oil and refined products mainly existed in Shimen Lake and Baidang Lake. The results of ecological risk assessment indicated that only low ecological risk existed in Anqing section of Yangtze River and lakes around Anqing City.
-
Key words:
- polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) /
- ecological risk assessment /
- Yangtze River /
- Anqing /
- lakes /
- sediment
-
-
[1] CHEN S C, LIAO C M. Health risk assessment on human exposed to environmental polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons pollution sources[J]. The Science of the total environment, 2006, 366(1): 112-123. [2] SIMPSON C D, MOSI A A, CULLEN W R, et al. Composition and distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon contamination in surficial marine sediments from Kitimat Harbor, Canada[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 1996, 181 (3): 265-278. [3] SICRE M A, MARTY J C, SALIOT A, et al. Aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons in the Mediterranean aerosol[J]. International Journal of Environ Anallytical Chemistry, 1987, 29(1/2):73-94. [4] FENG J L, SHEN Z Y, NIU J F, et al. The role of sediment resuspension duration in release of PAHs[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2008,53(18):2777-2782. [5] DOMAGALSKI J L, KUIVILA K M. Distribution of pesticides and organic contaminants between water and suspended sediment, San Francisco Bay, California[J]. Estuaries, 1993, 16 (3A):416-426. [6] JIANG J J, LEE C L, FANG M D, et al. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in coastal sediments of southwest taiwan: An appraisal of diagnostic ratios in source recognition[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2009, 58(5): 752-760. [7] HUANG L, CHERNYAK S M, BATTERMAN S A. PAHs (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons), nitro-PAHs, and hopane and sterane biomarkers in sediments of southern Lake Michigan, USA[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2014,487: 173-186. [8] ARAGHI P E, BASTAMI K D, RAHMANPOOR S. Distribution and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the surface sediments of Gorgan Bay, Caspian Sea[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2014, 89: 494-498. [9] HUSSAIN K, BALACHANDRAN S, HOQUE R R. Sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sediments of the Bharalu River, a tributary of the River Brahmaputra in Guwahati, India[J]. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 2015, 122: 61-67. [10] WANG D X, FENG C H, HUANG L X et al. Historical deposition behaviors of PAHs in the Yangtze River Estuary: Role of the sources and water currents[J]. Chemosphere 2013, 90: 2020-2026. [11] YU W W, LIU R M, WANG J W et al. Source apportionment of PAHs in surface sediments using positive matrix factorization combined with GIS for the estuarine area of the Yangtze River, China[J]. Chemosphere, 2015, 134: 263-271. [12] HUI Y M, ZHENG M H, LIU Z T, et al. Distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sediments from Yellow River Estuary and Yangtze River Estuary, China[J]. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 2009, 21(12):1625-1631. [13] WANG Z C, LIU M, YANG Y. Characterization and sources analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in surface sediments in the Yangtze River Estuary[J]. Environ Earth Sci, 2015, 73: 2453-2460. [14] 冯精兰, 王丽霞, 翟梦晓, 等.长江水系武汉段沉积物再悬浮过程中PAHs的释放动力学[J]. 环境科学学报 2011, 31(10):2240-2245. FENG J L, WANG L X, ZHAI X M, et al. Release Kinetics of PAHs during resuspension of sediments at Wuhan section of Yangtze River[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2011, 31(10):2240-2245(in Chinese).
[15] 冯承莲, 夏星辉, 周追, 等.长江武汉段水体中多环芳烃的分布及来源分析[J]. 环境科学学报, 2007, 27(11):1900-1908. FENG C L, XIA X H, ZHOU Z, et al. Distribution and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the Wuhan section of the Yangtze River[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2007, 27(11):1900-1908 (in Chinese).
[16] XIA X H, XIA N, LAI Y J et al. Response of PAH-degrading genes to PAH bioavailability in the overlying water, suspended sediment, and deposited sediment of the Yangtze River[J]. Chemosphere, 2015, 128: 236-244. [17] 武婷, 刘贵荣, 田瑛泽, 等.太湖底泥多环芳烃分布及来源解析[J]. 农业环境科学学报, 2015,34(1):124-129. WU T, LIU G Y, TIAN Y Z, et al. Spatial Distribution and source apportionment of PAHs in sediments from Taihu lake[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2015,34(1):124-129 (in Chinese).
[18] 李玉斌, 刘征涛, 冯流, 等.太湖部分沉积物中多环芳烃生态风险评估[J]. 环境化学, 2011, 30(10): 1769-1774. LIU Y B, LIU Z T, FENG L, et al. Ecological risk assessment of the sediments from Taihu lake[J]. Environmental Chemistry, 2011, 30(10): 1769-1774 (in Chinese).
[19] YUAN Z Y, GUO C S, XU J et al. Potential source contributions and risk assessment of PAHs in sediments from Taihu Lake, China: Comparison of three receptor models[J]. Water Research, 2012, 46: 3065-3073. [20] NING Qin N, HE W, KONG X Z et al. Distribution, partitioning and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the water–SPM–sediment system of Lake Chaohu, China[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2014, 496: 414-423. [21] WANG J Z, Zhang K, Liang B, et al. Occurrence, source apportionment and toxicity assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in surface sediments of Chaohu, one of the most polluted lakes in China[J]. Journal of Environmental Monitoring, 2011, 13: 3336-3342. [22] [23] [24] [25] 周葆华, 操璟璟,朱超平, 等.安庆沿江湖泊湿地生态系统服务功能价值评估[J]. 地理研究, 2011, 30(12): 2296-2304. ZHOU B H, CAO J J, ZHU C P, et al. Valuation of wetland ecosystem services along the Yangtze River in Anqing, Anhui province[J]. Geographical Research, 2011, 30(12): 2296-2304(in Chinese).
[26] 李法松 韩铖 周葆华, 等.安徽省室内降尘中多环芳烃分布及来源解析[J]. 中国环境科学, 2016,36, 2016,36 (2 ): 363-369 LI F S, HAN C, ZHOU B H, et al. Distribution and source analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in indoor dust from Anhui Province, China[J]. China Environmental Science, 2016,36 (2): 363-369(in Chinese).
[27] XU J, YU Y, WANG P, et al. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the surface sediments from Yellow River, China[J]. Chemosphere, 2007, 67:1408-1414. [28] CHEN H Y, TENG Y G, WANG J S. Source apportionment for sediment PAHs from the Daliao River (China) using an extended fit measurement mode of chemical mass balance model[J]. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 2013,88: 148-154. [29] LI W H, TIAN Y Z, SHI G L, et al. Concentrations and sources of PAHs in surface sediments of the Fenhe reservoir and watershed, China[J]. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 2012, 75: 198-206. [30] WANG H S, CHENG Z, LIANG P, et al. Characterization of PAHs in surface sediments of aquaculture farms around the Pearl River Delta[J]. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 2010, 73: 900-906. [31] JIANG B, ZHENG H L, HUANG G Q, et al. Characterization and distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon in sediments of Haihe River, Tianjin, China[J]. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 2007, 19: 306-311. [32] 陈书琴, 路杨, 储昭升, 等.破罡湖通江前后湖滨带夏季水生植物对比研究[J]. 生物学杂志, 2009, 3: 10-12. CHEN S Q, LU Y, CHU Z S, et al. Comparative study on summer hydrophyte of lakeside in Pogang Lake before and after its river- communicating (RC) [J]. Journal of Biology, 2009 , 3: 10-12(in Chinese).
[33] [34] YUNKER M B, MACDONALD R W, VINGARZAN R, et al. PAHs in the Fraser River basin: A critical appraisal of PAH ratios as indicators of PAH source and composition[J]. Organic Geochemistry, 2002,33(4):489-515. [35] 金宝石.安庆沿江湿地自然保护区水系分布与特征研究[J]. 中国农学通报, 2008, 7(24): 445-449. JIN B S. The distribution and characteristics of drainage systems in the natural protection area of Anqing wetland along the Yangtze River[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2008, 7(24): 445-449(in Chinese).
[36] LONG E R, MACDONALD D D, Smith S L, et al. Incidence of adverse biological effects with ranges of chemical concentrations in marine and estuarine sediments[J]. Enviroment Management, 1995,19(1):81-97. [37] MACDONALD D D, INGERSOLL C G, BERGER T A. Development and evaluation of consensus-based sediment quality guidelines for freshwater ecosystems[J]. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 2000,39: 20-31. [38] LONG E R, MACDONALD D D. Recommended uses of empirically derived, sediment quality guidelines for marine and estuarine ecosystems[J]. Hum. Ecol. Risk Assess., 1998. 4:1019-1039. -
点击查看大图
计量
- 文章访问数: 705
- HTML全文浏览数: 609
- PDF下载数: 459
- 施引文献: 0
下载:
