龙江-柳江-西江流域的水化学特征及其成因分析
Characteristics and sources analysis of hydrochemistry in the Longjiang-Liujiang-Xijiang watershed
-
摘要: 河流的水化学特征受地质、气候和人类活动等多种因素的支配，可能通过水-环境-粮食-健康的转移链构成对流域经济和社会的持续影响.为此，分别于2015年4月和10月采集了龙江-柳江-西江流域38个点位共70份水样，测定所有样品的主要物理化学指标，运用阴阳离子三角图和相关性分析来探究水体中主要阴阳离子的含量分布及其来源，结合Gibbs图和端元图来分析水化学组成的控制过程.结果表明，龙江-柳江-西江流域水体整体呈弱碱性，四月份和十月份的TDS均值分别为204.81 mg·L-1和234.20 mg·L-1，低于世界主要大河的均值，EC、TZ-、TZ+、TDS和TH的均值空间分布都表现为龙江段>西江段>柳江段，含量最高的阴阳离子分别为HCO3-和Ca2+，流域的水化学类型为HCO3--Ca2+型；Ca2+、Mg2+与HCO3-主要来源于碳酸盐岩的溶解，Cl-、NO3-和SO42-主要来源于酸沉降、城镇生活污水和地下水的输入，K+和Na+主要来源于硅酸盐岩的溶解和人类活动的排放；该流域水体表现为典型的喀斯特地区水质特性，水化学组成主要由碳酸盐岩风化作用所控制，不同的下伏岩层分布决定了各江段控制作用的强弱，也决定了流域水化学组成的空间差异性，碳酸和硫酸共同参与了碳酸盐岩的风化作用，但以碳酸为主.总体而言，对龙江-柳江-西江流域水化学特征及其成因的上述认识，有助于制定水资源管理措施和水环境保护战略.
-
关键词:
- 龙江-柳江-西江流域 /
- 水化学 /
- 喀斯特 /
- 离子来源 /
- 碳酸盐岩风化
Abstract: Chemical characteristics of river water are dominated by various factors such as geology, climate and human activity, which may constitute a lasting impact on the watershed economy and society through the transfer chain of water-environment-food-health. For this purpose, seventy water samples were collected from thirty-eight sites in the Longjiang-Liujiang-Xijiang watershed in April and October, 2015, and major physical and chemical indicators of all samples were measured. Ternary diagrams of anions and cations and Pearson correlation analysis were applied to explore the concentration distribution and sources of the major ions (Cl-, NO3-, SO42-, HCO3-, K+, Na+, Mg2+ and Ca2+), and Gibbs charts combined with major ion element ratio analysis method were used to analyze the controlling process of hydrochemical composition. The results indicated that water of the selected rivers was slightly alkaline, and the total dissolved solids (TDS) concentrations(204.81 mg·L-1 in April and 234.20 mg·L-1 in October) were higher than the average value of rivers worldwide. The spatial distribution of average values of electrical conductivity (EC), anionic charge (TZ-), cationic charge (TZ+), total dissolved solids and total hardness (TH) followed the order of Longjiang reach >Xijiang reach >Liujiang reach in different rivers reaches. The major anion and cation were HCO3- and Ca2+, respectively, and the hydrochemical type belonged to HCO3--Ca2+ type. Ion source analysis demonstrated that Ca2+, Mg2+ and HCO3- were mainly derived from dissolution of carbonate rocks, and Cl-, NO3- and SO42- were mainly derived from acid deposition, urban sewage discharge and groundwater, and K+ and Na+ were mainly derived from dissolution of silicate rocks and anthropogenic inputs. Water of the selected river watershed showed typically hydrochemical characteristics of karst terrain, and the hydrochemical composition was mainly controlled by chemical weathering of carbonate rocks. Different distribution of the underlying rock stratums determined the intensity of the controlling effects on different rivers reaches, and also determined the spatial variances of hydrochemical composition. Moreover, both carbonic acid and sulfuric acid contributed to the chemical weathering, but carbonic acid dominated. In general, the study on hydrochemical characteristics and its sources of Longjiang-Liujiang-Xijiang watershed will be conducive to the development of water resources management measures and water environmental protection strategies. -
-
[1] PATRICK L B,WILLIAM A A.Water chemistry:Fifty years of change and progress[J].Environmental Science and Technology,2012,46(11):5650-5657. [2] GROSBOIS C,NEGREL P,GRIMAUD D,et al.An overview of dissolved and suspended matter fluxes in the Loire River basin:Natural and anthropogenic inputs[J].Aquatic Geochemistry,2001,7(2),81-105. [3] RE V,SACCHI E,MAS-PLA J,et al.Identifying the effects of human pressure on groundwater quality to support water management strategies in coastal regions:A multi-tracer and statistical approach (Bou-Areg region,Morocco)[J].Science of the Total Environment,2014,500-501(9):211-223. [4] HUANG G X,SUN J C,ZHANG Y,et al.Impact of anthropogenic and natural processes on the evolution of groundwater chemistry in a rapidly urbanized coastal area,South China[J].Science of the Total Environment,2013,463-464(6):209-221. [5] LIAO J B,WEN Z W,WEI C H,et al.Distribution and migration of heavy metals in soil and crops affected by acid mine drainage:Public health implications in Guangdong Province,China[J].Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,2016,124(11):460-469. [6] PIPER A M.A graphic procedure in the geochemical interpretation of water analysis[M].American Geophysical Union Transactions,1953.21-22. [7] GIBBS R J.Mechanisms controlling world water chemistry[J].Science,1970,170(11):1088-1090. [8] GAILLARDET J,DUPRE B,LOUVAT P,et al.Global silicate weathering and CO2 consumption rates deduced from the chemistry of large rivers[J].Chemical Geology,1999,159(1/4):3-30. [9] 陈静生,王飞越,夏星辉.长江水质地球化学[J].地学前缘,2006,13(1):74-85. CHEN J S,WANG F Y,XIA X H.Geochemistry of water quality of the Yangtze River basin[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2006,13(1):74-85(in Chinese).
[10] 陈静生,王飞越,何大伟.黄河水质地球化学[J].地学前缘,2006,13(1):58-73. CHEN J S,WANG F Y,HE D W.Geochemistry of water quality of the Yellow River basin[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2006,13(1):58-73(in Chinese).
[11] [12] HAN G L,LIU C.Water geochemistry controlled by carbonate dissolution:A study of the river waters draining karst-dominated terrain,Guizhou Province,China[J].Chemical Geology,2004,204(1-2):1-21. [13] HAN G,TANG Y,XU Z.Fluvial geochemistry of rivers draining karst terrain in Southwest China[J].Journal of Asian Earth Science,2010,38(1-2):65-75. [14] 韩贵琳,刘丛强.贵州喀斯特地区河流的研究——碳酸盐岩溶解控制的水文地球化学特征[J].地球科学进展,2005,20(4):394-406. HAN G L,LIU C Q.Hydro-geochemistry of rivers in Guizhou Province,China:Constraints on crustal weathering in karst terrain[J].Advances in Earth Science,2005,20(4):394-406(in Chinese).
[15] HE J,HUANG A P,XU LD.Spatial heterogeneity and transboundary pollution:A contingent valuation (CV) study on the Xijiang River drainage basin in south China[J].2015,36(9):101-130. [16] XU Z,LIU C.Chemical weathering in the upper reaches of Xijiang River draining the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau,Southwest China[J].Chemical Geology,2007,239(1-2):83-95. [17] 吴起鑫,韩贵琳,李富山,等.珠江源区南、北盘江丰水期水化学组成特征及来源分析[J].环境化学,2015,34(7):1-8. WU Q X,HAN G L,LI F S,et al.Characteristic and source analysis of major ions in Nanpanjiang and Beipanjiang at the upper Pearl River during the wet season[J].Environmental Chemistry,2015,34(7):1-8(in Chinese).
[18] YU S,DU W,SUN P,et al.Study on the hydrochemistry character and carbon sink in the middle and upper reaches of the Xijiang River basin,China[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,2015,74(2):997-1005. [19] 唐文魁,陶贞,高全洲,等.桂江主要离子及溶解无机碳的生物地球化学过程[J].环境科学,2014,35(6):2099-2107. TANG W K,TAO Z,GAO Q Z,et al.Biogeochemical processes of the major ions and dissolved inorganic carbon in the Guijiang River[J].Environmental Science,2014,35(6):2099-2107(in Chinese).
[20] SUN H,HAN J,LI D,et al.Chemical weathering inferred from riverine water chemistry in the lower Xijiang basin,South China[J].Science of the Total Environment,2010,408(20):4749-4760. [21] 王凯.流域经济带产业聚集研究[D].武汉:武汉大学学位论文,2012.WANG K.Research on Industrial Aggregation of Valley Economic Belt[D].Wuhan:Wuhan University,2012(in Chinese). [22] 丁宁.西江流域的经济收敛与协调发展研究[D].广州:暨南大学学位论文,2011.WANG N.Researches on the Economic Convergence and Coordinated Development in Xijiang Valley[D].Guangzhou:Jinan University,2011(in Chinese). [23] 汪丽娜,陈晓宏,李粤安,等.西江流域径流演变规律研究[J].水文,2009,29(4):22-25. WANG L N,CHEN X H,LI Y A,et al.Rules of runoff variation of Xijiang River Basin[J].Journal of China Hydrology,2009,29(4):22-25(in Chinese).
[24] 李昌静,李粹中,张汝惠,等.广西水文地质分区[J].地质科学,1958,2(1):22-25. LI C J,LI C Z,ZHANG R H,et al.Hydrogeologic subdivision of Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region[J].Scientia Geologica Sinica,1958,2(1):22-25(in Chinese).
[25] 谭明.中国西江流域喀斯特景观趋异与晚新生代流域环境变迁[J].中国岩溶,1993,12(2):10-17. TAN M.Divergence of karst landscape in Xijiang catchment and environmental change of the region in late cenozoic[J].Carsologica Sinica,1993,12(2):10-17(in Chinese).
[26] 原雅琼,何师意,于奭,等.柳江流域柳州断面水化学特征及无机碳汇通量分析[J].环境科学,2015,36(7):2437-2445. YUAN Y Q,HE S Y,YU S,et al.Hydrochemical characteristics and the dissolved inorganic carbon flux in Liuzhou section of Liujiang basin[J].Environmental Science,2015,36(7):2437-2445(in Chinese).
[27] 赵学敏,马千里,姚玲爱,等.龙江河水体中氮磷水质风险评价[J].中国环境科学,2013,33(S1):233-238. ZHAO X M,MA Q L,YAO A L,et al.Water quality risk assessment based on nitrogen and phosphorus in Longjiang River[J].China Environmental Science,2013,33(S1):233-238(in Chinese).
[28] 魏秀国.珠江流域河流碳通量与流域侵蚀研究[D].广州:中国科学院研究生院(广州地球化学研究所)学位论文,2003.WEI X G.Study on riverine carbon flux and erosion of Zhujiang (Pearl) River drainage basin[D].Guangzhou:Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences,2003(in Chinese). [29] 袁永钦,匡科,沈军.广州市西江引水工程水质预警系统研究与实践[J].中国给水排水,2011,27(6):1-5. YUAN Y Q,KUANG K,SHEN J.Research and application of early-warning system for source water quality of Xijiang river water diversion project[J].China Water&Wastewater,2011,27(6):1-5(in Chinese).
[30] 高梦雅,陈伟,潘毅.广西钛白粉行业污染防治探讨[J].化工管理,2014,7(20):272.GAO M Y,CHEN W,PAN Y.Titanium dioxide industry pollution prevention in Guangxi[J].Chemical Enterprise Management,2014 ,7(20):272(in Chinese).
[31] 邓捷.钛白粉硫酸法与氯化法清洁生产比较[J].中国涂料,2011,10(12):14-16. DENG J.Comparison between sulfuric acid method and the chlorination of cleaner production on titanium dioxide[J].China Paint,2011,10(12):14-16(in Chinese).
[32] LUDWIG W,PROBST J L,KEMPE S.Predicting the oceanic input of organic carbon by continental erosion[J].Global Biogeochemical Cycles,1996,10(1):23-41. [33] MRYBECK M.Pathways of major elements from land to ocean through rivers//Martin J M,Burton J D,Eisma D (Eds.).River inputs to ocean systems[M].New York:United Nations Press,1981:18-30. [34] MASS E V,HOFFMAN G J.Crop salt tolerance:evaluation of existing data[J].Journal of irrigation and drainage,1977,12(1):187-198. [35] 李福志,张晓健,王占生.健康饮水的水质指标体系探讨[J].环境与健康杂志,2002,19(5):407-408. LI F Z,ZHANG X J,WANG Z S.Discussion of quality indexes for healthy water[J].Journal of Environment and Healthy,2002,19(5):407-408(in Chinese).
[36] MARTIN F.Healthy Water for a Longer Life[M].Portsmouth:Healthy Water Research,1986:1-12. [37] LIU C M,LIU X Y.Healthy river and its indication,criteria and stands[J].Journal of Geographical Sciences,2009,19(8):3-11. [38] 吕婕梅,安艳玲,吴起鑫,等.贵州清水江流域丰水期水化学特征及离子来源分析[J].环境科学,2015,36(5):1565-1572. LV J M,AN Y L,WU Q X,et al.Hydrochemical characteristics and sources of Qingshuijiang River basin at wet season in Guizhou Province[J].Environmental Science,2015,36(5):1565-1572(in Chinese).
[39] 刘再华,DREYBRODT W,李华举.灰岩和白云岩溶解速率控制机理的比较[J].地球科学,2006,31(3):411-416. LIU Z H,DREYBRODT W,LI H J.Comparison of dissolution rate determining mechanisms between limestone and dolomite[J].Earth Science,2006,31(3):411-416(in Chinese).
[40] 王鹏,尚英男,沈立成,等.青藏高原淡水湖泊水化学组成特征及其演化[J].环境科学,2013,34(3):874-881. WANG P,SHANG Y N,SHEN L C,et al.Characteristics and evolution of hydrochemical compositions of freshwater lake in Tibetan Plateau[J].Environmental Science,2013,34(3):874-881(in Chinese).
[41] 于奭,何师意,杨慧,等.酸雨对广西典型碳酸盐岩地区碳源效应研究[J].地球与环境,2012,40(1):44-49. YU S,HE S Y,YANG H,et al.Research on carbon source effect of acid rain in typical carbonate rock area[J].Earth and Environment,2012,40(1):44-49(in Chinese).
[42] 罗进,安艳玲,吴起鑫,等.赤水河中下游冬季河水化学空间分布特征分析[J].地球与环境,2014,42(3):297-305. LUO J,AN Y L,WU Q X,et al.Spatial distribution of surface water chemical components in the middle and lower reaches of the Chishui River basin[J].2014,42(3):297-305(in Chinese).
[43] 赵品.塔里木河流域水化学时空特征与演化机制研究[D].石家庄:河北科技大学学位论文,2014.ZHAO P.Study on temporal and spatial characteristics and evolution mechanism of hydrochemistry in Tarim River Basin[D].Shijiazhuang:Hebei University of Science and Technology,2014(in Chinese). [44] 张飞.青海湖和岱海流域水化学特征及现代化学风化作用[D].南京:南京农业大学学位论文,2009.ZHANG F.Hydrochemical characteristics and chemical weathering of Lake Qinghai and Lake Dai Basin[D].Nanjing:Nanjing Agricultural University,2009(in Chinese). [45] ANDERSON S P,DREVER J I,FROST C D,et al.Chemical weathering in the foreland of a retreating glacier[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,2000,64(7):1173-1189. [46] LI S L,CHETALAT B,YUE F,et al.Chemical weathering processes in the Yalong River draining the eastern Tibetan Plateau,China[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2014,88(1):74-84. [47] 刘丛强,蒋颖魁,陶发祥,等.西南喀斯特流域碳酸盐岩的硫酸侵蚀与碳循环[J].地球化学,2008,37(4):404-414. LIU C Q,JIANG Y K,TAO F X,et al.Chemical weathering of carbonate rocks by sulfuric acid and the carbon cycling in Southwest China[J].Geochimica,2008,37(4):404-414(in Chinese).
[48] 黄奇波,覃小群,刘朋雨,等.硫酸对乌江中上游段岩溶水化学及δ13CDIC的影响[J].环境科学,2015,36(9):3220-3229. HUANG Q B,QIN X Q,LIU P Y,et al.Influence of sulfuric acid to karst hydrochemical and δ13CDIC in the upper and middle reaches of the Wujiang River[J].Environmental Science,2015,36(9):3220-3229(in Chinese).
-
点击查看大图
计量
- 文章访问数: 1801
- HTML全文浏览数: 1732
- PDF下载数: 474
- 施引文献: 0
下载:
