有色金属冶炼厂周边地表水和农业土壤中重金属污染特征与评价
Pollution characteristics and health risk assessment of heavy metals in surface water and agricultural soil around the Nonferrous Metal Smeltery
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摘要: 于2014年11月对黄石市大冶有色冶炼厂周边地表水和农业土壤分别采集15和18个样品，并用火焰原子吸收分光光度法分析6种重金属含量（Cr、Ni、Cd、Cu、Pb、Zn），探讨周边地表水和农业土壤中重金属污染特征，并进行健康风险评价.结果表明，Cr、Ni、Cd、Cu、Pb、Zn的平均含量分别为4.76、70.27、10.63、63.11、59.86、90.65 μg ·L-1（地表水）；52.12、45.54、81.34、781.76、303.69、403.23 mg·kg-1（农业土壤），且变异系数较大，污染分布较不均匀；环境中重金属污染来源主要受冶炼厂冶炼生产活动影响，自然环境因素和其本身的理化特征主导含量空间分布；主成分1解释了冶炼厂周边环境中重金属主要的污染来源，即主要受有色金属冶炼活动的影响；致癌风险主要来自Cr，而Pb非致癌风险相对较高.Abstract: To investigated the pollution characteristics and health risk of heavy metals in surface water and agricultural soil around the Daye Nonferrous Smeltery, 15 surface water samples and 18 agricultural soil samples were collected in the studying area in November 2014. The concentrations of six heavy metals (Cr, Ni, Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn) were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). The results showed that the average contents of Cr, Ni, Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn in surface water and agricultural soil were 4.76, 70.27, 10.63, 63.11, 59.86, 90.65 μg·L-1 and 52.12, 45.54, 81.34, 781.76, 303.69, 403.23 mg·kg-1, respectively. Variation coefficients of heavy metals were high, and the spatial distributions of heavy metals were uneven. Pollution source of heavy metals were primarilly affected by smelting production activities, natural environmental factors and physicochemical characteristics. The principal component 1 was influenced by nonferrous metals smelting activities, indicating the pollution sources access of heavy metals around the Daye Nonferrous Smeltery. The cancer risk primarily came from Cr, and the noncancer risk of Pb was relatively serious.
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