新疆玛河流域土壤和蔬菜汞分布特征与生态、人体健康风险评价
Mercury pollution and ecology, human health risk in soil and vegetables of Manasi River Basin, Xinjiang
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摘要: 采集玛河流域140份土壤和126株蔬菜样品进行汞含量分析，检测土壤矿物质成分，分析污染状况，探究表层土壤汞空间分布特征和来源，探讨人体健康风险.结果表明，研究区表层土壤汞含量最高，含量在0.001—0.901 mg·kg-1，平均值为0.187 mg·kg-1，是新疆背景值的11倍.土壤矿物成分相似，主要为石英、长石、伊利石、蒙脱石、方解石.富集系数及潜在生态危害指数显示，除工业区严重富集外其余为中度到轻度富集，整体处于严重生态危害，形成了以化工园为中心的点—面污染.地统计学和多元统计学表明，研究区汞含量空间变异大，存在显著差异，化工园区汞含量最高，主要来源于工业生产；其次是城市和农业区，主要受到城市生活垃圾和农药、交通的影响；人类活动罕见的山区和沙漠地区含量最低.健康风险评价表明，土壤汞对儿童和成人的非致癌风险（HI）均在可接受范围内，沙湾大型电解铝厂周围菊科蔬菜汞对人体造成非致癌风险，其余区域均在可接受范围内.Abstract: Soil and vegetable samples at the Manasi River Basin, Xinjiang, were collected and the contents of mercury were analyzed. The mineral composition involved in soil was tested. The spatial distribution and sources of mercury in soil were explored. The pollution levels and human health risk were evaluated. The results revealed that the mercury content in topsoil was between 0.001 and 0.901 mg·kg-1, and the average was 0.187 mg·kg-1, which was 11 times higher than background value in Xinjiang. There existed similarity of mineral composition in soil, the main parts of which included mainly quartz, feldspar, illite, kaolinite, smectite and calcite. The enrichment factors (EF) and potential ecological risk index (Ei) indicated that Hg was heavily enriched at industrial park, but was moderate to light degree in other areas. Overall, these regions had been ecologically damaged severely, where the industry park acted as the center and Hg spread around. Based on the geo-statistical and multivariate statistics methods, there were significant differences in spatial variation of mercury content. Moreover, the concentration of mercury in industry park ranked the top among the study areas, mainly stemming from industrial production; followed by the city and agricultural areas, which resulted from pesticide, urban domestic garbage and transportation. The mountain and desert areas were the lowest. Human health risk evaluation showed that the hazard index (HI) of mercury in surface soil for children and adults was acceptable. The target hazard quotient (THQ) of the composite vegetables around the large aluminum electrolytic plant at Shawan for human was serious, but the rest were in the acceptable level as well.
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