化学工业区周边土壤中多环芳烃含量、来源及健康风险评估
Concentrations,sources,and health risk of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soils around chemical plants
-
摘要: 于2015年6月采集日照市岚山化工园区和临沂市罗庄华宇电解铝厂周围土壤样品,分析了16种多环芳烃(PAHs)的含量和组成,研究了距化工区不同距离的土壤中PAHs含量和组成的变化、来源及健康风险.结果表明,岚山化工园区周围土壤中PAHs总含量(∑16PAHs)(2764.2—3435.9 μg·kg-1)略高于华宇电解铝厂周边土壤中∑16PAHs(2729.7—3047.5 μg·kg-1),均达到重度污染.两化工厂周边土壤中各环数PAHs所占比例大小顺序均为4环 > 5环 > 3环 > 2环和6环,但各PAHs化合物的组成存在差异.距化工区越远,土壤中∑16PAHs含量越低,但各环数PAHs含量变化不一致.同分异构体比值法结果表明,两化工厂PAHs主要来源是燃煤和石油燃烧.正定矩阵因子分解法表明,岚山化工园区周围土壤PAHs的来源中燃煤源占36%,汽油和柴油燃烧源占21.6%,生物质燃烧源占19.1%,石油源和焦炭燃烧混合源占19.3%.华宇电解铝厂周围土壤PAHs的来源中燃煤源占33.5%,汽油燃烧源占24.8%,柴油燃烧源占31.4%,生物质燃烧源占10.3%.岚山化工园区周围土壤PAHs来源中燃煤源所占比例高于华宇电解铝厂,汽油和柴油燃烧源所占比例低于华宇电解铝厂.岚山化工园区和华宇电解铝厂周边土壤中PAHs的总BaPeq平均值分别为326.7 μg·kg-1和441.1 μg·kg-1,均低于加拿大土壤质量指导值600 μg·kg-1.健康风险评估表明,华宇电解铝厂总ILCRs值(3.9×10-6—6.0×10-6)高于岚山化工园区(2.9×10-6—4.5×10-6).两化工厂周围土壤总ILCRs值大于1×10-6,均存在潜在的致癌风险.
-
关键词:
- 多环芳烃(PAHs) /
- 土壤 /
- 化学工业区 /
- 来源 /
- 健康风险评估
Abstract: Soil samples were collected form Lanshan chemical plant in Rizhao and Huayu electrolytic aluminum plant in Linyi in June 2015. The concentrations and distribution of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were analyzed,and the variation of the concentrations and distribution with distance,sources,and health risk of the 16 PAHs were investigated. The results showed that the concentrations of 16 PAHs (Σ16PAHs) in the soil around the Huayu electrolytic aluminum plant (2764.2-3435.9 μg·kg-1) was slightly higher than those in the soil aroud Huayu electrolytic aluminum plant (2729.7-3047.5 μg·kg-1),suggesting that the level of PAHs in the soil reached severe pollution. The order of mass fraction of PAHs with different number of rings in the soil was 4-ring > 5-ring > 3-ring > 2-ring and 6-ring,but the composition of individual PAH compounds was different. Σ16PAHs decreased with the increase of distance to the chemical plants,but the concentration of each PAH presented a different pattern of variation with distance. The molecular diagnostic ratios analysis suggests that the main sources of PAHs in the soil around the two chemical plants were coal and oil combustion. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) shows that the sources of PAHs in the soil around Huayu electrolytic aluminum plant were 36% from coal combustion,21.6% from gasoline and diesel combustion,19.1% from biomass combustion,and 19.3% from petroleum sources and coke combustion. The sources of PAHs in the soil around Huayu electrolytic aluminum plant were 33.5% from coal combustion,24.8% from gasoline combustion,31.4% from combustion of diesel,and 10.3% from combustion of biomass. The proportion of coal combustion for the sources of PAHs in the soil around Lanshan chemical plant was higher than that of Huayu electrolytic aluminum plant. The proportion of gasoline and diesel combustion in soils around Lanshan chemical plant was lower than that of Huayu electrolytic aluminum plant. The toxic equivalency factors of benzo[a]pyrene (BaPeq) of 16 PAHs in the soil around the Lanshan chemical plant and Huayu electrolytic aluminum plant were 326.7 μg·kg-1 and 441.1 μg·kg-1,respectively. The BaPeq in the two chemical plants were below the Canadian soil safety limit of 600 μg·kg-1. The total incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCRs) values of Huayu electrolytic aluminum plant (3.9×10-6-6.0×10-6) was higher than that of Lanshan chemical plant (2.9×10-6-4.5×10-6). The ILCRs values of two chemical plants were higher than 1.0×10-6,indicating a potential carcinogenic risk to residents.-
Key words:
- PAHs /
- soil /
- chemical plant /
- sources /
- health risks assessment.
-
-
[1] 冯岸红,朱智成,陈社军,等. 寿光土壤中多环芳烃的污染特征及风险评估[J]. 中国环境科学,2013,33(9):1607-1614. FENG A H,ZHU Z C,CHEN S J,et al. Spatial distribution and risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soils of Shouguang City,North China[J]. China Environmental Science,2013,33(9):1607-1614(in Chinese).
[2] LISA M C,RUSSELL F C,PFAENDER F K. Desorption and mineralization kinetics of phenanthrene and chrysene in contaminated soils[J]. Environmental Science Technology,2012,31(1):126-132. [3] SANTODONATO J. Review of the estrogenic and antiestrogenic activity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons:Relationship to carcinogenicity[J]. Chemosphere,1997,34(4):835-848. [4] WILCKE W,AMELUNG W,KRAUSS M,et al. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) patterns in climatically different ecological zones of Brazil[J]. Organic Geochemistry,2003,34(10):1405-1417. [5] YIN C Q,JIANG X,YANG X L,et al. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soils in the vicinity of Nanjing,China[J]. Chemosphere,2008,73(3):389-394. [6] TANG L,TANG X Y,ZHU Y G,et al. Contamination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in urban soils in Beijing,China[J]. Environment International,2005,31(6):822-828. [7] 孙焰,祁士华,李绘,等. 福建闽江沿岸土壤中多环芳烃含量、来源及健康风险评价[J]. 中国环境科学,2016,36(6):1821-1829. SUN Y,QI S H,LI H,et al. Concentrations,sources and health risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soils collected along the banks of Minjiang River,Fujian,China[J].China Environmental Science,2016,36(6):1821-1829(in Chinese).
[8] 缪建军,杜敏敏,吴鹏. 搬迁化工厂区土壤中多环芳烃污染及来源分析[J]. 环境监控与预警,2013,5(2):38-40. MU J J,DU M M,WU P. Analysis of the sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in surface soil of a relocated chemical industrial[J]. Environmental Monitoring and Forewarning,2013,5(2):38-40(in Chinese).
[9] 冯嫣,吕永龙,焦文涛,等. 北京市某废弃焦化厂不同车间土壤中多环芳烃(PAHs)的分布特征及风险评价[J]. 生态毒理学报,2009,4(3):399-407. FENG Y,LV Y L,JIAO W T,et al. Distribution and risk of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soils from different workshops of an abandoned coking factory in Beijing[J]. Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology,2009,4(3):399-407(in Chinese).
[10] 肖春艳,邰超,赵同谦,等. 燃煤电厂附近农田土壤中多环芳烃的分布特征[J]. 环境科学学报,2008,28(8):1579-1585. XIAO C Y,TAI C,ZHAO T C,et al. Distribution characteristics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the soils around the Jiaozuo power plant[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2008,28(8):1579-1585(in Chinese).
[11] 张强,邹华,张涛,等. 无锡某钢铁厂土壤污染现状及评价[J]. 城市环境与城市生态,2012,25(6):25-30. ZHANG Q,ZOU H,ZHANG T,et al. Status and assessment of soils pollution of steel plant in Wuxi City[J].Urban Environment & Urban Ecology,2012,25(6):25-30(in Chinese).
[12] OKEDEYI O O,NINDI M M,DUBE S,et al. Distribution and potential sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soils around coal-fired power plants in South Africa[J]. Environmental Monitoring & Assessment,2013,185(3):2073-2082. [13] 焦文涛,吕永龙,王铁宇,等. 化工区土壤中多环芳烃的污染特征及其来源分析[J]. 环境科学,2009,30(4):1166-1172. JIAO W T,LV Y L,WANG T Y,et al. Characteristics and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in surface soil from chemical industrial areas[J]. Environmental Science,2009,30(4):1166-1172(in Chinese).
[14] 崔阳,郭利利,张桂香,等. 山西焦化污染区土壤和农产品中PAHs风险特征初步研究[J]. 农业环境科学学报,2015,34(1):72-79. CUI Y,GUO L L,ZHANG G X,et al. Human health risks of PAHs in soils and agricultural products in coking areas,Shanxi Province,China[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2015,34(1):72-79(in Chinese).
[15] 侯艳伟,张又弛. 福建某钢铁厂区域表层土壤PAHs污染特征与风险分析[J]. 环境化学,2012,31(10):1542-1548. HOU Y W,ZHANG Y C. Spatial distribution and risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soils of steel plant in Wuxi City[J]. Environmental Chemistry,2012,31(10):1542-1548(in Chinese).
[16] LARSEN R K,BAKER J E. Source apportionment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the urban atmosphere:A Comparison of three methods[J]. Environmental Science & Technology,2003,37(9):1873-1881. [17] WANG C,WU S,ZHOU S,et al. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soils from urban to rural areas in Nanjing:Concentration,source,spatial distribution,and potential human health risk[J]. Science of the Total Environment,2015,527-528:375-383. [18] 王成龙,邹欣庆,赵一飞,等. 基于PMF模型的长江流域水体中多环芳烃来源解析及生态风险评价[J]. 环境科学,2016,37(10):3789-3797. WANG C L,ZOU X Q,ZHAO Y F,et al. Source apportionment and ecological risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in surface water from Yangtze River,China:Based on PMF model[J]. Environmental Science,2016,37(10):3789-3797(in Chinese).
[19] FU J,SHENG S,WEN T,et al. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in surface sediments of the Jialu River[J]. Ecotoxicology,2011,20(5):940-950. [20] ZHANG J Q,QU C K,QI S H,et al. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in atmospheric dustfall from the industrial corridor in Hubei Province,central China[J]. Environmental Geochemistry & Health,2015,37(5):891-903. [21] PENG C,CHEN W,LIAO X,et al. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urban soils of Beijing:Status,sources,distribution and potential risk[J]. Environmental Pollution,2011,159(3):802-808. [22] WANG W,HUANG M J,KANG Y,et al. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in urban surface dust of Guangzhou,China:Status,sources and human health risk assessment[J]. Science of the Total Environment,2011,409(21):4519-4527. [23] MALISZEWSKA-KORDYBACH B. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in agricultural soils in Poland:Preliminary proposals for criteria to evaluate the level of soil contamination[J]. Applied Geochemistry,1996,11(1-2):121-127. [24] 杜永强,曲蛟,丛俏,等. 石油化工园区周边土壤中多环芳烃的分布研究[J]. 中国环境监测,2012,28(1):33-36. DU Y Q,QU J,CONG Q,et al. Study on the distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil around the area of petroleum engineering[J]. Environmental Monitoring in China,2012,28(1):33-36(in Chinese).
[25] 贾军元,姜月华,张达政. 某石化场地土壤中PAHs污染特征研究[J]. 地质论评,2015,61(z1):74-76. YUAN J Y,JIANG Y H,ZHANG D Z. Study on pollution characteristics of PAHs in soil of a petrochemical site[J].Geological Review,2015,61(z1):74-76(in Chinese).
[26] 彭静静,张又弛,侯艳伟,等. 炼油厂周边PAHs污染土壤中微生物群落结构多样性研究[J]. 生态环境学报,2011,20(5):962-965. PENG J J,ZHANG Y C,HOU Y W,et al. Study on microbial community structure diversity in PAHs polluted soil around refinery[J]. Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2011,20(5):962-965(in Chinese).
[27] BUCHELI T D,BLUM F,DESAULES A,et al. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,black carbon,and molecular markers in soils of Switzerland[J]. Chemosphere,2004,56(11):1061-1076. [28] WANG Y,TIAN Z,ZHU H,et al. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soils and vegetation near an e-waste recycling site in South China:Concentration,distribution,source,and risk assessment[J]. Science of the Total Environment,2012,439(22):187-193. [29] SHEN C,CHEN Y,HUANG S,et al. Dioxin-like compounds in agricultural soils near e-waste recycling sites from Taizhou area,China:Chemical and bioanalytical characterization[J]. Environment International,2009,35(1):50-55. [30] HUANG H F,XING X L,ZHANG Z Z,et al. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in multimedia environment of Heshan coal district,Guangxi:Distribution,source diagnosis and health risk assessment[J]. Environmental Geochemistry and Health,2016,38(5):1169-1181. [31] 刘劲松,朱国华,尹文华,等. 某电子垃圾拆解园周边农田土壤中多环芳烃的污染特征及风险评估[J]. 环境污染与防治,2015,37(5):1-5. LIU J S,ZHU G H,YIN W H,et al. Pollution characteristics and environment risk assessment of PAHs in agriculture soil around an electronic waste dismantling venues Environmental[J]. Pollution and Control,2015,37(5):1-5(in Chinese).
[32] NAM J J,SONG B H,EOM K C,et al. Distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in agricultural soils in South Korea[J]. Chemosphere,2003,50(10):1281-1289. [33] 葛成军,俞花美. 南京市典型工业区耕地中多环芳烃源解析[J]. 长江流域资源与环境,2009,18(9):843-848. GE C J,YU H M. Source apportionment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in agricultural soil in typical industrial zone in Nanjing basin[J]. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2009,18(9):843-848(in Chinese).
[34] LAU E V,GAN S,NG H K. Distribution and source apportionment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in surface soils from five different locations in Klang Valley,Malaysia[J]. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology,2012,88(5):741-746. [35] 李慧,蔡信德,罗琳,等. 某氮肥厂场地土壤PAHs污染特征研究[J]. 农业环境科学学报,2009,28(4):702-706. LI H,CAI X D,LUO L,et al. Characteristics of the PAHs in typical chemical venues in Guangzhou[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2009,28(4):702-706(in Chinese).
[36] 刘明阳,张文漫. 武汉市东西湖农场表层土壤中多环芳烃的含量分布特征[J]. 中国环境监测,2006,22(4):74-76. LIU M Y,ZHANG W M. Characteristics of distribution and concentration of PAHs in the soil from Dongxihu farm in Wuhan City[J]. Environmental Monitoring in China,2006,22(4):74-76(in Chinese).
[37] 郑一,王学军,李本纲,等. 天津地区表层土壤多环芳烃含量的中尺度空间结构特征[J]. 环境科学学报,2003,23(3):311-316. ZHENG Y,WANG X J,LI B G,et al. Medium scale spatial structures of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons contents in the topsoil of Tianjin Area[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2003,23(3):311-316(in Chinese).
[38] LI G,SUN H,ZHANG Z,et al. Distribution profile,health risk and elimination of model atmospheric SVOCs associated with a typical municipal garbage compressing station in Guangzhou,South China[J]. Atmospheric Environment,2013,76(S1):173-180. [39] KIPOPOULOU A M,MANOLI E,SAMARA C. Bioconcentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in vegetables grown in an industrial area[J]. Environmental Pollution,1999,106(3):369-380. [40] 卜庆伟,张枝焕,夏星辉. 分子标志物参数在识别土壤多环芳烃(PAHs)来源中的应用[J]. 土壤通报,2008,39(5):1204-1209. BU Q W,ZHANG Z H,XIA X H. The application of molecular biomarker parameters as indicators of PAHs source in soils,a review[J]. Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2008,39(5):1204-1209(in Chinese).
[41] READMAN J W,FILLMANN G,TOLOSA I,et al. Petroleum and PAH contamination of the black sea[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin,2002,44(1):48-62. [42] ZHANG H,ANDREWS A R. Preliminary studies of a fast screening method for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil by using solvent microextraction-gas chromatography[J]. Journal of Environmental Monitoring Jem,2000,2(6):656-661. [43] 徐绍箐,马启敏,李泽利,等. 锦州湾表层沉积物中多环芳烃测定与生态风险评价[J]. 环境化学,2011,30(11):1900-1905. XU S,Z MA Q M,LI Z L,et al. Determination and risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in surface sediment from Jinzhou bay,China[J]. Environmental Chemistry,2011,30(11):1900-1905(in Chinese).
[44] 郝玉兰,王茜,李清钊,等. 某地区农田灌溉水中多环芳烃的污染状况研究[J]. 现代预防医学,2010,37(20):3839-3841. HAO Y L,WANG Q,LI Q Z. Investigation on the PAHS pollution in soil irrigating water in some area.[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine,2010,37(20):3839-3841(in Chinese).
[45] YUNKER M B,MACDONALD R W,VINGARZAN R,et al. PAHs in the Fraser River basin:A critical appraisal of PAH ratios as indicators of PAH source and composition[J]. Organic Geochemistry,2002,33(4):489-515. [46] HARRISON R M,SMITH D J T,LUHANA L. Source apportionment of atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons collected from an urban location in Birmingham,U.K.[J]. Environmental Science & Technology,1996,30(3):825-832. [47] KHALILI N R,SCHEFF P A,HOLSEN T M. PAH source fingerprints for coke ovens,diesel and,gasoline engines,highway tunnels,and wood combustion emissions[J]. Atmospheric Environment,1995,29(4):533-542. [48] 王学彤,贾英,孙阳昭,等. 典型污染区河流表层沉积物中PAHs的分布、来源及生态风险[J]. 环境科学,2010,31(1):153-158. WANG X T,JIA Y,SUN Y Z,et al. Distribution,source and ecological risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in river sediments from a typical contaminated area[J]. Environmental Science,2010,31(1):153-158(in Chinese).
[49] 倪进治,陈卫锋,杨红玉,等. 福州市不同功能区土壤中多环芳烃的含量及其源解析[J]. 中国环境科学,2012,32(5):921-926. NI J Z,CHEN W F,YANG H Y,et al. Concentrations and sources of soil PAHs in various functional zones of Fuzhou City[J]. China Environmental Science,2012,32(5):921-926(in Chinese).
[50] BRYAN M J,A DANIEL J,SCOTT Q T,et al. Emission factors for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from biomass burning[J]. Environmental Science & Technology,1996,30(30):2462-2469. [51] SOCLO H H,GARRIGUES P,EWALD M. Origin of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in coastal marine sediments:Case studies in Cotonou (Benin) and Aquitaine (France) areas[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin,2000,40(5):387-396. [52] SIMCIK M F,EISENREICH S J,LIOY P J. Source apportionment and source/sink relationships of PAHs in the coastal atmosphere of Chicago and Lake Michigan[J]. Atmospheric Environment,1999,33(30):5071-5079. [53] 史兵方,张波,王耀,等. 南充市表层土壤中多环芳烃的源解析研究[J]. 化学研究与应用,2010,22(7):835-840. SHI B F,ZHANG B,WANG Y,et al. Source apportionment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in surface soil from Nanchong[J]. Chemical Research & Application,2010,22(7):835-840(in Chinese).
[54] AHLBERG M,BERGHEM L,NORDBERG G,et al. Chemical and biological characterization of emissions from coal-and oil-fired power plants[J]. Environmental Health Perspectives,1983,47:85-102. [55] 张海,吕俊复,徐秀清,等. W型火焰锅炉燃烧问题的分析和解决方法[J]. 动力工程学报,2005,25(5):628-632. ZHANG H,LV J F,XU X Q,et al. Analysis and possible solutions for the combustion problems of boilers with arc-firing[J]. Chinese Journal of Power Engineering,2005,25(5):628-632(in Chinese).
[56] JIANG Y F,WANG X T,WANG F,et al. Levels,composition profiles and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urban soil of Shanghai,China[J]. Chemosphere,2009,75(8):1112-1118. [57] 苑金鹏,王晓利,周家斌,等. 济南市表层土壤中PAHs的分布、来源及风险分析[J]. 环境化学,2015,34(1):166-171. YUAN J P,WANG X L,ZHOU J B,et al. Distribution,source and risk analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in top-soil from Jinan City[J]. Environmental Chemistry,2015,34(1):166-171(in Chinese).
[58] 王学彤,贾英,孙阳昭,等. 典型污染区农业土壤中PAHs的分布、来源及生态风险[J]. 环境科学学报,2009,29(11):2433-2439. WANG X T,JIA Y,SUN Y Z,et al. Distribution,sources and ecological risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in agricultural soils from a typical contaminated area[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2009,29(11):2433-2439(in Chinese).
[59] CCME (Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment).Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Canadian soil quality guidelines for protection of environmental and human health[R]. Canada Soil Quality Guidelines. 2010. -
![WeChat](http://eekw.rcees.ac.cn//eekw-data/hjhx/2018/2/PIC/wechat_cnhjhx_6379.jpg)
计量
- 文章访问数: 951
- HTML全文浏览数: 856
- PDF下载数: 691
- 施引文献: 0