绿洲土壤Cd-Ni复合污染对油菜生长及吸收的影响
Effects of Cd-Ni combined pollution on the growth and absorption of cole in oasis soil
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摘要: 以干旱区绿洲灰漠土为供试土壤，油菜（Brassica campestris L.）为供试蔬菜，采用盆栽试验及Tessier连续浸提形态分级方法，研究了Cd-Ni复合污染在干旱区绿洲土壤中的形态分布规律及其对油菜的生物有效性.结果表明，当土壤受外源Cd-Ni复合污染后，Cd、Ni的活性随着胁迫浓度的增加而增大.与对照相较，外源Cd-Ni复合胁迫后，Cd的主要赋存形态仍为碳酸盐结合态，而Ni的主要赋存形态由残渣态转化为铁锰氧化物结合态.Cd-Ni复合胁迫对油菜的生长表现为先促后抑；油菜各部位的Cd、Ni含量均随着Cd-Ni复合胁迫水平的升高而增加，Cd主要富集在油菜茎叶中，而Ni则主要富集在油菜根部.富集系数结果表明，油菜各部位Cd的富集系数均大于1，而Ni的富集系数均小于1；迁移系数结果表明，Cd的迁移系数大于Ni，Cd更易从土壤中进入油菜根部，并转运至茎叶，Ni的生物可利用性低于Cd.对油菜吸收Cd最重要的形态为碳酸盐结合态，根系和茎叶吸收Ni最重要的形态分别为有机结合态和可交换态.Abstract: Effects of Cd-Ni combined pollution to gray desert soil in the oasis region on the heavy metal speciation and bio-availability were investigated by pot experiment and Tessier sequential extraction procedure with cole (Brassica campestris L.). The results showed that the activities of Cd and Ni increased with the increase of stress concentration when the soil was contaminated by exogenous Cd-Ni. Compared with the controlled group, the main fraction of Cd was carbonate, whereas the main fraction of Ni changed from the residual form to Fe-Mn oxides. The growth of the cole under Cd-Ni combined stress was initially promoted and then inhibited. The contents of Cd and Ni in different parts of the cole increased with the increase of Cd-Ni combined stress. Cd was mainly concentrated in the stems and leaves of the cole, while Ni was mainly concentrated in the roots. The enrichment coefficient of Cd in each part of the cole was greater than 1, but the enrichment coefficient of Ni was not higher than 1, indicating that the accumulation capacity of the cole to Cd was greater than Ni. The translocation coefficient of Cd was greater than Ni, which implied that Cd was more easily transferred from soil to the roots and transported to stems and leaves of the cole. The bioavailability of Ni was lower than Cd. The most important fraction of Cd uptake by the cole was the carbonate. The most important fractions of Ni uptake by roots, stems and leaves were organic and exchangeable, respectively.
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Key words:
- combined pollution /
- bioavailability /
- Cd /
- Ni /
- enrichment /
- translocation /
- gray desert soil in arid oasis
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