长三角地区土壤中有机氯农药残留量及其分布特征
Residues and distribution of organochlorine pesticides in soils in Yangtze River Delta region
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摘要: 为了解长三角地区的有机氯农药的残留状况及空间分布特征，本研究选取南京、上海、吴江以及启东作为试验区域，采用加速溶剂萃取技术（ASE）和EPA 8081a-有机氯气相色谱法对该区域34个采样点的土壤样品进行检测.结果表明，该区域普遍检测出有机氯农药的残留，且表层土壤为主要残留层，随着深度增加，有机氯农药的残留量逐渐减少.表层土壤中，∑OCPs残留量介于ND-157.66 μg·kg-1之间.其中DDTs的检出率为91%，残留范围为ND-119.85 μg·kg-1，均值为7.6 μg·kg-1，占∑OCPs的81%.HCHs和六氯苯的检出率分别为60%、44%，残留范围分别为ND-15.79 μg·kg-1、ND-22.02 μg·kg-1.有机氯农药类别中主要的残留物为p，p'-DDE，占OCPs残留总量的45%以上，（DDD+DDE）/DDTs>0.5的样点约占样点数的88%.受试点均未检测到七氯、艾氏剂、环氧七氯、氯丹、狄氏剂、异狄氏剂等组分.对于农业区不同利用类型区域，表层土壤中∑OCPs残留均值为：农业区树林、水果林（5.37 μg·kg-1） >农业区菜地（3.93 μg·kg-1） >农业区农田（2.98 μg·kg-1） >农业区稻田（2.48 μg·kg-1）.对于不同功能区表层土壤中∑OCPs残留均值为：江滩沉积物（37.92 μg·kg-1） >农业区（7.99 μg·kg-1） >工业区（5.03 μg·kg-1）.本次调查对该地区的污染水平做出初步评价，所得数据可为该地区的生态环境建设及生态风险评价提供理论依据.Abstract: In order to investigate the residues and distribution of organochlorine pesticides in the soils in Yangtze River Delta region, soil samples were collected from 34 sampling sites in the test area (Nanjing, Shanghai, Wujiang and Qidong). The samples were treated by Accelerated Solvent Extraction and then analyzed by gas chromatography. The results showed that the residues of organochlorine pesticides were all detected in the test area, and the topsoil was the major residual layer. The residues of organochlorine pesticides gradually decreased with the increase of the soil depth. In topsoil, the residual quantity of total OCPs lied between N.D. and 157.66 μg·kg-1. And in these OCPs, the detection rate of DDTs, HCHs and HCB was 91%, 60% and 44% respectively, and the residual concentration ranged from N.D. to 119.85 μg·kg-1, N.D. to 15.79 μg·kg-1 and N.D. to 22.02 μg·kg-1 respectively. The mean residual concentration of DDTs was 7.6 μg·kg-1, which accounted for 81% of the total OCPs residues. The proportion of p,p'-DDE in total OCPs was more than 45%, and the sampling sites with the value (DDD+DDE)/DDTs > 0.5 accounted for 88% of all the sampling sites, which indicated p,p'-DDE was the main residues in the soils investigated in the test area. However, heptachlor, aldrin, heptachlor epoxide, chlordane, dieldrin and endrin were not detected. In addition, the mean residual quality of total OCPs in top soil in different types of agricultural regions followed the pattern of woodland and fruit land (5.37 μg·kg-1) > vegetable land (3.93 μg·kg-1) > farmland (2.98 μg·kg-1) > rice field(2.48 μg·kg-1), while the mean residual concentration of total OCPs in top soil in different function areas followed the pattern of riverbank sediment (37.92 μg·kg-1) > agricultural area (7.99 μg·kg-1) > industrial district(5.03 μg·kg-1). This survey could provide a preliminary assessment of the organochlorine pesticides pollutions in Yangtze River Delta region, and the results can lay a theoretical basis for the ecological environment construction and ecological risk assessment of this region.
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