巢湖湖区及入湖河流表层水体、沉积物中有机氯农药分布及风险评价
Distribution and ecological risk assessment of organochlorine pesticides in surface water and sediment samples of Lake Chaohu and its inflow rivers
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摘要: 本研究基于GC-MS分析了巢湖湖区及入湖河流共40个采样点的表层水及表层沉积物样品中有机氯杀虫剂（OCPs）的含量.研究结果表明，在一年内不同季节中，巢湖湖区及入湖河流表层水体∑OCPs浓度均较低，春季6.09-11.53 ng·L-1，夏季6.32-11.10 ng·L-1，秋季6.76-16.23 ng·L-1，冬季5.97-16.29 ng·L-1；相应季节OCPs平均浓度分别为8.33±1.19 ng·L-1，8.43±1.21 ng·L-1，9.25±1.96 ng·L-1和8.33±2.14 ng·L-1.表层水体中OCPs主要为工业生产六六六（HCHs）以及杀虫剂林丹.湖区及入湖河流表层沉积物中OCPs浓度（ng·g-1级别）远高于表层水体（ng·L-1级别）的浓度，∑OCPs浓度范围为2.55-19.03 ng·g-1，平均浓度为5.80±4.07 ng·g-1，且巢湖西部地区OCPs污染大于东部区域，其中较高浓度的狄氏剂和硫丹成分说明巢湖区域受到这两类物质的污染.异构体分析表明，表层沉积物中OCPs的来源也与周边农田土壤和地表径流所带来的污染以及不同程度工业品HCHs粉剂和林丹的陆源性输入有关；在绝大多数采样点的表层沉积物中滴滴涕类农药（DDTs）的检出为历史的残留污染.生态风险评价表明，巢湖湖区及入湖河流表层水体中OCPs对该区域的生态风险几乎没有影响且表层沉积物中OCPs亦处于较低的风险状态.Abstract: Concentrations of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in surface water and sediment samples from 40 sampling sites in Chaohu Lake and its inflow rivers were determined by GC-MS. The results show that the total concentrations of OCPs (∑OCPs) in surface water from Chaohu lake and its inflow rivers were rather low throughout the year, and they ranged 6.09-11.53 ng·L-1 for the spring, 6.32-11.10 ng·L-1 for the summer, 6.76-16.23 ng·L-1 for the autumn, and 5.97-16.29 ng·L-1 for the winter. The mean values for the four seasons were 8.33±1.19 ng·L-1, 8.43±1.21 ng·L-1, 9.25±1.96 ng·L-1 and 8.33±2.14 ng·L-1, respectively. The detected OCPs in surface water mainly originated from industrial hexachloro-cyclohexane soprocide (HCHs) and lindane. However, the concentrations of ∑OCPs in surface sediments (ng·g-1 levels), which ranged 2.55-19.03 ng·g-1 with a mean value of 5.80±4.07 ng·g-1, were far higher than those in the surface waters (ng·L-1 levels). The pollution levels in the western lake were higher than those in the eastern lake. The high concentrations of dieldrin and endosulfan suggested that Chaohu Lake suffered from these two pollutants. The results also showed that pesticides spraying, surface runoff and terrestrial input from industrial HCHs and lindane were the other primary sources of OCPs. Based on the composition characteristics of dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane (DDTs), the detected DDTs in surface sediments from most sampling sites mainly originated from historical usage. The ecological risk assessment demonstrated that the OCPs in the surface water induced negligible effect on Chaohu Lake and its inflow rivers, and the OCPs in the surface sediments might put fairly low ecological risks to the Chaohu Lake ecosystem.
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