山东省典型湿地水体和沉积物中全氟辛烷羧酸(PFOA)和全氟辛烷磺酸(PFOS)的污染特征
Pollution characteristics of PFOA and PFOS in typical wetlands of Shandong Province
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摘要: 全氟辛烷羧酸（perfluorooctanoic acid，PFOA）和全氟辛烷磺酸（perfluorooctane sulfonate，PFOS）广泛存在于全球范围内的各种环境介质中，是全氟化合物中最典型的持久性有机污染物.为考察山东省典型湿地中PFOA和PFOS的浓度水平与空间分布特征，采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱与WAX固相萃取相结合的方法，检测并系统分析了南四湖流域和东部沿海地区水和沉积物体系中PFOA和PFOS含量状况.研究结果表明，PFOA和PFOS在研究区域全部水样中均被检测出，浓度范围分别为10.49-84.6 ng·L-1和0.49-25.4 ng·L-1；其中南四湖流域表层水中污染物的含量高于东部沿海地区，并且污染物浓度从下游到上游呈上升趋势.沉积物样品中PFOA和PFOS的浓度范围（干重）分别为0.09-2.76 ng·g-1和0.17-5.25 ng·g-1，其空间分布趋势和水样中的大致相同.与国内外其他地区水和沉积物中PFOA和PFOS含量进行对比，山东省典型湿地中两种污染物的污染水平较高且PFOA污染更为严重.与PFOA相比，水和沉积物体系中PFOS的分配系数更高，并且不同区域间的分配系数存在差异.此外，本文采用熵值法对研究区域内两种污染物进行了初步风险评估，分析结果显示PFOA和PFOS对水生生物和野生鸟类可能存在一定的生态风险，且PFOS的风险较高，考虑到全氟化合物的生物累积性和食物链放大效应，应重视PFOA和PFOS的生态风险.Abstract: As the most typical persistent organic pollutants, PFOA and PFOS have been found in each environmental medium around the world. In order to investigate the levels and spatial distribution of PFOA and PFOS in the representative wetlands from Nansi Lake and the eastern coastal regions of Shandong province, the concentrations of the two pollutants in this study were measured and systematically analyzed with the ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) combined with the solid phase extraction and enrichment. The results show that both PFOA and PFOS were detected in all water samples and the concentrations of PFOA and PFOS ranged from 10.49 to 84.6 ng·L-1 and 0.49 to 25.4 ng·L-1, respectively. Moreover, the PFOA and PFOS levels in water samples showed an increasing trend from the downstream to upstream of the Nansi Lake, and the levels were higher than those of the coastal regions of Shandong province. The concentrations of PFOA and PFOS in sediment samples ranged from 0.09 to 2.76 ng·g-1 and 0.17 to 5.25 ng·g-1, respectively, and the spatial distribution weas similar to that of the water samples. Compared with the levels of PFOA and PFOS in water and sediments in other areas both in and out side of China, the pollution levels of the two pollutants in typical wetlands in Shandong Province are higher and the pollution of PFOA is more serious. Results of the partition coefficient (Kd) show that PFOS had higher Kd values, and the Kd varied among the different areas. We should pay more attention to PFOA and PFOS contamination because the results of risk assessment suggest certain risk of PFOA and PFOS to the local aquatic and wild birds.
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