长沙综合枢纽蓄水后望城饮用水源地水质变化及其评价
Change of water quality and evaluation of Wangcheng drinking water sources after water storage in Changsha Integrated Hub
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摘要: 为了解长沙综合枢纽蓄水后对望城饮用水水源地水环境的影响，于2014年1月-2017年12月测定了望城饮用水水源地监测断面水体中化学需氧量等23个指标，运用综合指数法、污染物分担率、营养状态综合指数法分析了长沙综合枢纽蓄水后望城饮用水水源地水环境中6类水环境参数的变化.结果表明，长沙综合枢纽蓄水后望城饮用水水源地水环境质量整体呈下降趋势，水环境污染水平呈逐年上升的趋势，主要受NH3-N、TP、生化需氧量、As、Pb和粪大肠菌群影响；无机污染物中TN、TP、CODMn营养物质的综合营养状态指数在2015-2017年呈上升趋势，与污染物超标状态、综合污染指数和污染物分担率变化趋势一致.健康风险评价发现，望城饮用水水源地2014-2017年水体总健康风险分别为7.93×10-5、4.89×10-5、3.80×10-5、3.63×10-5，呈逐年下降趋势，仅2014年高于国际辐射防护委员会（ICRP）的最大可接受风险水平.总体上讲，降低饮用水源地水环境中致癌物质Cr6+与As以及非致癌物质中NH3-N与氟化物能有效地控制饮水途径的总健康风险.研究结果对促进长沙综合枢纽库区水环境安全进一步提升提供了科学指导.
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关键词:
- 望城饮用水水源地 /
- 水环境质量 /
- 长沙综合枢纽工程库区 /
- 健康风险
Abstract: In order to assess the impact of water storage in Changsha Integrated Hub on the water environment of Wangcheng drinking water source, 23 indicators including chemical oxygen demand (COD) in the water body of Wangcheng drinking water source were monitored from January 2014 to December 2017. The changes of six types of water environmental parameters in Wangcheng drinking water source after water storage in Changsha Integrated Hub were analyzed by comprehensive index method, pollutant sharing rate and comprehensive index of nutritional situation. Results showed that the water environmental quality of Wangcheng drinking water source was declining, and the water environmental pollution was increasing year by year, mainly owing to the pollutants of NH3-N, TP, biochemical oxygen demand, As, Pb and fecal coliforms. The comprehensive nutritional index of TN, TP and CODMn showed an upward trend during 2015-2017, which was consistent with the trends of contaminant exceeding the standard, comprehensive pollution index and pollutant sharing rate. The health risk assessment indicated that total health risks of Wangcheng drinking water source were 7.93×10-5, 4.89×10-5, 3.80×10-5, 3.63×10-5 in 2014-2017, showing a decreasing trend. And only in the year 2014 the risk was higher than the maximum acceptable level for the International Commission on Radiation Protection (ICRP). Generally, it is effective to control the overall health risks of the drinking water by reducing the carcinogenic substances such as Cr6+ and As and the non-carcinogenic NH3-N and fluoride in the drinking water source. The results achieved in this study could provide scientific guidance for promoting water environmental security in Changsha Integrated Hub. -
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