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土壤中微塑料污染现状及其生态风险研究进展

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郝爱红, 赵保卫, 张建, 马锋锋, 段凯祥, 刘辉, 张鑫, 冉富霖. 土壤中微塑料污染现状及其生态风险研究进展[J]. 环境化学, 2021, (4): 1100-1111. doi: 10.7524/j.issn.0254-6108.2020083102
引用本文: 郝爱红, 赵保卫, 张建, 马锋锋, 段凯祥, 刘辉, 张鑫, 冉富霖. 土壤中微塑料污染现状及其生态风险研究进展[J]. 环境化学, 2021, (4): 1100-1111. doi: 10.7524/j.issn.0254-6108.2020083102
shu
HAO Aihong, ZHAO Baowei, ZHANG Jian, MA Fengfeng, DUAN Kaixiang, LIU Hui, ZHANG Xin, RAN Fulin. Research progress on pollution status and ecological risk of microplastics in soil[J]. Environmental Chemistry, 2021, (4): 1100-1111. doi: 10.7524/j.issn.0254-6108.2020083102
Citation: HAO Aihong, ZHAO Baowei, ZHANG Jian, MA Fengfeng, DUAN Kaixiang, LIU Hui, ZHANG Xin, RAN Fulin. Research progress on pollution status and ecological risk of microplastics in soil[J]. Environmental Chemistry, 2021, (4): 1100-1111. doi: 10.7524/j.issn.0254-6108.2020083102
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土壤中微塑料污染现状及其生态风险研究进展

  • 兰州交通大学环境与市政工程学院, 兰州, 730070

    • 通讯作者: 赵保卫, E-mail: zhbw2001@sina.com ; 
  • 基金项目:

    国家自然科学基金（51766008）资助.

Research progress on pollution status and ecological risk of microplastics in soil

  • School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, 730070, China

    • Corresponding author: ZHAO Baowei, zhbw2001@sina.com ; 
  • Fund Project: Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51766008).

  • 摘要: 微塑料是一种粒径小于5 mm的塑料颗粒污染物，对土壤生态系统构成严重威胁.近年来，微塑料的污染问题已愈加受到国内外学者的广泛关注.当前对微塑料的研究多集中于水环境中，而对土壤环境中的研究较少.本文对土壤中微塑料的来源、分类、分布、迁移、污染情况及生态风险等方面的研究进展进行了评述.微塑料主要来源于地膜覆盖、灌溉、堆肥、有机肥料施用及大气沉降等，其分布以农田为主，在农田土壤中存在不同丰度；表层土壤的微塑料可通过淋溶、生物扰动和农业活动等迁移到深层土壤中；微塑料本身含有有害物质，且它可以吸附重金属、有机污染物和抗生素等产生复合污染；微塑料给土壤生态系统带来毒性影响，本文重点分析了微塑料污染对土壤生态系统的生态风险，包括对土壤理化性质、土壤动物、植物和微生物的影响；最后，在总结国内外最新研究进展的基础上，对今后土壤微塑料的研究重点进行了展望.
    Abstract: Microplastics are a kind of plastic particle pollutants with size less than 5 mm, which pose a serious threat to soil ecosystem. In recent years, the pollution problem of microplastics has been paid more and more attention by scholars at home and abroad. At present, the research on microplastics is mostly focused on aqueous environment, but less on soil environment. In this paper, the source, classification, distribution, migration, pollution and ecological risk of microplastics in soil were reviewed. Microplastics mainly come from plastic film mulching, irrigation, composting, organic fertilizer application and atmospheric deposition, which are mainly distributed in farmland, and have different abundances in farmland soil; microplastics in surface soil can migrate to deep soil through leaching, biological disturbance and agricultural activities; microplastics themselves contain harmful substances, and they can adsorb heavy metals, organic pollutants and antibiotics to produce compound pollution. Microplastics have toxic effects on soil ecosystem. This paper focuses on the ecological risks of microplastics pollution on soil ecosystem, including the impact on soil physical and chemical properties, soil animals, plants and microorganisms. Finally, on the basis of summarizing the latest research progress at home and abroad, the future research focus of soil microplastics was prospected.
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  • 收稿日期:  2020-08-31

土壤中微塑料污染现状及其生态风险研究进展

    通讯作者: 赵保卫, E-mail: zhbw2001@sina.com ; 
  • 兰州交通大学环境与市政工程学院, 兰州, 730070
  • 收稿日期:  2020-08-31
基金项目:

国家自然科学基金（51766008）资助.

摘要: 微塑料是一种粒径小于5 mm的塑料颗粒污染物，对土壤生态系统构成严重威胁.近年来，微塑料的污染问题已愈加受到国内外学者的广泛关注.当前对微塑料的研究多集中于水环境中，而对土壤环境中的研究较少.本文对土壤中微塑料的来源、分类、分布、迁移、污染情况及生态风险等方面的研究进展进行了评述.微塑料主要来源于地膜覆盖、灌溉、堆肥、有机肥料施用及大气沉降等，其分布以农田为主，在农田土壤中存在不同丰度；表层土壤的微塑料可通过淋溶、生物扰动和农业活动等迁移到深层土壤中；微塑料本身含有有害物质，且它可以吸附重金属、有机污染物和抗生素等产生复合污染；微塑料给土壤生态系统带来毒性影响，本文重点分析了微塑料污染对土壤生态系统的生态风险，包括对土壤理化性质、土壤动物、植物和微生物的影响；最后，在总结国内外最新研究进展的基础上，对今后土壤微塑料的研究重点进行了展望.

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