对羟基苯甲酸丙酯(PrP)对雌性食蚊鱼的组织损伤及相关基因表达的影响
Tissue Injuries and Related Genes Expression Changes of Female Mosquito-fish (Gambusia affinis) Induced by Propylparaben (PrP)
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摘要: 对羟基苯甲酸丙酯(propylparaben, PrP)作为防腐剂，广泛添加于食品、药品和个人护理品中，其大量使用对水环境构成了潜在威胁。本研究以野生来源的食蚊鱼(Gambusia affinis)雌鱼为研究对象，开展了不同浓度PrP (0.15、6.0和240.0 μg·L-1)的4 d和16 d暴露实验，以鱼体大脑、鱼鳃和肝脏的组织切片为毒性效应指标，分析了食蚊鱼抗氧化与内分泌功能相关基因mRNA的表达变化。结果表明，不同暴露时间PrP对食蚊鱼的鱼鳃、肝脏组织均造成不同程度的损伤。随着暴露时间延长，大脑的抗氧化相关基因表达量上调，但鱼鳃的抗氧化相关基因和肝脏的cat、cyp4501a基因表达量下调，氧化应激反应逐渐减弱。PrP暴露4 d后，随暴露剂量的增加，大脑组织的内分泌相关基因呈现先升高后下降的趋势；暴露16 d后，大脑组织的内分泌相关基因相对于对照组呈现升高的趋势。PrP暴露4 d后，与对照组相比，肝脏组织的内分泌相关基因中，低浓度处理组(0.15 μg·L-1 PrP) vtgB基因和高浓度处理组(240.0 μg·L-1 PrP)的arβ基因表达量有显著差异，其他处理组无显著变化；暴露时间延长至16 d时，各处理组肝脏组织样品的erα、erβ、arα、arβ、vtgC和vtgB基因的表达量上调，表明PrP对食蚊鱼具有雌激素效应。本研究从鱼体组织损伤和关键功能基因mRNA表达变化，揭示PrP对食蚊鱼的毒性损伤、氧化应激和内分泌干扰作用，为PrP的潜在健康风险评估和安全应用提供了科学依据。Abstract: Propylparaben (PrP) is widely applied in food, pharmaceuticals and personal care products as preservatives, and the extensive usage of PrP has posed potential threat to aquatic ecosystem. In this study, wild-sourced female mosquitofish were treated with different concentrations of PrP (0.15, 6.0 and 240.0 μg·L-1) for 4 d and 16 d respectively. The tissue sections as well as mRNA expression changes of antioxidant and endocrine-related genes from the brain, gills and liver, were analyzed to investigate the toxicological effects of PrP on mosquitofish. The results showed that different PrP exposure time resulted in varying degrees of damage to the gills and liver of mosquitofish. With the extension of exposure time, the expression of antioxidant-related genes in the brain was up-regulated, whereas the expression of antioxidant-related genes in the gills, as well as cat and cyp4501a genes in the liver, were down-regulated, and the oxidative stress response in the gills and liver gradually weakened. When female mosquitofish were exposed to PrP for 4 d, the endocrine-related genes in the brain increased firstly and then decreased with increasing PrP dose, while in the 16-d-PrP-exposure groups, the genes showed an increased trend compared with that of the control. After 4 d of PrP exposure, a significant difference was observed in the expression of the vtgB gene within liver tissues between the 0.15 μg·L-1 PrP group and the control group, as well as in the expression of the arβ gene within liver tissues between the 240.0 μg·L-1 PrP group and the control group; however, no significant differences were found in other endocrine-related genes among different PrP groups and the control group. When the exposure time was extended to 16 d, the expression of erα, erβ, arα, arβ, vtgC and vtgB genes in the liver was all up-regulated in the three treatment groups, indicating that PrP had estrogenic effects on mosquitofish. This study revealed the toxic damage, oxidative stress and endocrine disrupting effects of PrP on mosquitofish, through the phenotypic variations in tissues and changes in mRNA expression of key functional genes, which will provide a scientific basis for the potential health risk assessment and safe application of PrP.
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Key words:
- propylparaben /
- mosquitofish /
- endocrine disruption /
- female fish /
- tissue injuries
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