几种腐殖填料生物滤池COD去除效能比较研究
Comparative research of COD degradation efficiency in humus media filters
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摘要: 分别采用腐殖垃圾、泥炭、煤炭等腐殖填料及河沙构筑生物滤池，处理模拟废水，比较研究其COD去除效能及降解特征，为工艺填料改性提供理论依据。几种填料的扫描电镜分析图显示腐殖垃圾及泥炭以团聚体三维空间结构为主；煤炭与河沙表面粗糙程度较小，且主要由颗粒状物质构成。稀释平板涂布法分离出各生物滤池中发挥主要作用的微生物共3种，各系统菌落数量有差异，但种类相同。3种腐殖填料生物滤池在进水有机物浓度为500 mg/L及1000 mg/L时均有较理想的有机物去除效率。3种腐殖填料生物滤池中泥炭构筑的腐殖填料生物滤池有机物比降解速率最小，因而微生物比增长速率最小，微生物增长和自身氧化最易趋向于动态平衡，对应的饱和水力渗透系数最大，滤池最不易发生堵塞，最有利于腐殖填料生物滤池长期稳定运行，证明泥炭是一种优良的生物介质。Abstract: Biofilters filled with aged refuse， peat， coal and sand were used to treat simulation wastewater in a lab-scale. To provide a theoretical basis for the filler modification，the COD removal efficiency and degradation characteristics of four biofilters were comparatively studied. SEM images showed that aged refuse and peat were constituted of reunion bodies with three-dimensional space structure. Coal and sand which had less rough surface mainly were made up of small particles. Three kinds of microorganism were found in all four biolfilters， which played a main function in the organic matter degradation process. In laboratory research， all the biofilters filled with aged refuse， peat and coal displayed ideal organic matter removal rates when inlet concentrations were 500 mg/L and 1 000 mg/L. In contrast to the other two biofilters (aged refuse and coal)， the organic matter specific removal rate of biofilter filled with peat was lowest， and the hydraulic permeability coefficient was highest， which led to the minimum blockage. Biofilter filled with peat was most likely to run stably in long-term， and peat was proved to be excellent humus filler.
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