2016年12月沈阳地区一次持续性重污染天气成因机制分析
Analysis of the mechanism of a heavy pollution in December 2016 at Shenyang
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摘要: 2016年12月13—22日沈阳地区发生了一次持续性重污染天气过程，空气质量有5 d为重度污染.本文基于地面污染物浓度观测资料、颗粒物水溶性离子在线观测资料及同期高低空气象探测数据，分析了此次污染过程的主要原因及特征.结果表明，重污染过程前期（13—15日）和后期（18—21日）受不同天气系统影响，污染物来源有所不同.污染前期主要受大尺度高压系统的影响，大气环流为经向环流.地面弱风、气温骤降以及逆温层的存在导致大气扩散条件较差，使污染物不断积累；同时较高的相对湿度导致二次污染物的生成增加.污染后期地面受长白山局地小高压的持续影响以及高空弱低压的控制，大气环流为纬向环流.暖湿气流使得温度和湿度逐渐增加，大气氧化性增强，边界层内较弱的风速和风切变以及持续存在的深厚逆温层导致重污染天气的持续.从颗粒物水溶性离子浓度的变化看出，重污染前期主要受燃煤的影响，后期受机动车尾气排放和燃煤排放的共同影响.Abstract: A continuous heavy pollution weather process occurred in Shenyang from December 13 to 22, 2016, air quality was heavily polluted for five days. This paper analyzed this heavy pollution process based on the pollutant observation data, particulate pollutants water-soluble ion online data and the meteorological data in the same period at Shenyang. The results indicated that the heavy pollution process was affected by different weather systems in the early (12/13—12/15) and late (12/18—12/21) stages, and the sources of pollutants were different due to different weather systems. The early stage of the heavy pollution was mainly affected by the large scale high pressure system, and the atmospheric meridional expressed as circulation. The existence of small surface wind speed, the rapid cooling and the temperature inversion layer caused worse atmospheric diffusion transport conditions, which leaded to the accumulation of pollutants. At the same time, the higher relative humidity leaded to the increase of the secondary pollutants. The late stage of the heavy pollution was mainly affected continuously by the local small high Pressure from Changbaishan near ground and weak low pressure control in the high altitude, the atmospheric circulation was zonal. The warm moist air made the temperature and humidity keep rising, weak wind speed and wind shear and persistent deep inversion layer in the boundary layer leaded to the persistence of heavily polluted weather. From the change of ion concentration, the pollution was mainly affected by coal combusting in the early stage, while the coal emission and vehicle exhaust emission were the mainly impact factor in the later stage.
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Key words:
- persistent heavy pollution /
- formation mechanism /
- boundary layer structure /
- Shenyang
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