拉萨巴嘎雪湿地土壤重金属分布及生态风险评价
Distribution and ecological risk assessment of heavy metal elements in the surface sediments of Bagaxue wetlands in Lhasa
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摘要: 巴嘎雪湿地是西藏拉萨河流域的代表性湿地之一.文章为了解巴嘎雪湿地的重金属分布特征，在2018年10月采集了巴嘎雪湿地的表层土壤样品，对土壤中的Cu、Zn、Cr、Ni、Pb、Cd、As、Hg重金属的含量进行了检测.巴嘎雪湿地表层土壤的重金属污染评价采用的方法主要包括内梅罗综合污染指数法、地积累指数法和潜在生态风险指数法.结果表明，重金属Cu、Zn、Cr、Ni、As、Hg含量的平均值低于国家土壤环境质量标准（一级），但Pb、Cd的含量略偏高；Ni、As、Cr、Hg的平均含量低于拉萨市环境背景值，但Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd平均含量高于环境背景值.该研究区域的内梅罗综合污染指数平均值PN=1.50，说明湿地整体处于轻度污染；按照国家土壤环境质量标准（二级）作为背景值，得到的PN=0.64，属于安全水平.地积累指数平均值在-2.587到-0.744范围内，Igeo<0区域整体上无污染；潜在生态风险指数的平均值RI=72.779，属于低风险.各元素组合之间总体相关性不足，说明重金属累积方式具有多源性特点.巴嘎雪湿地整体生态环境优于国内大部分湿地，其表层土壤中Hg、Pb、Cd元素为强度变异，在部分位点中存在明显富集，受到人类活动影响，应加强关注.Abstract: Bagaxue wetland is one of the representative wetlands in the Lhasa River Basin of Tibet. Surface soil samples of the Bagaxue wetland were gathered in October 2018, and then detected the contents of heavy metals such as Cu, Zn, Cr, Ni, Pb, Cd, As and Hg in soil so as to understand the distribution characteristics of heavy metals in the Bagaxue wetland. The mainly methods used for heavy metal pollution assessment include Nemerow comprehensive pollution index method, Geo-accumulation index method and Potential ecological risk index method. The results indicated that the average contents of Cu, Zn, Cr, Ni, As and Hg were lower than the first grade of the environmental quality standard for soils(GB 15618—1995), while the contents of Pb and Cd were higher. Meanwhile, it was concluded that the average contents of Ni, As, Cr, Hg were lower than the environmental background value of Lhasa, whereas the average contents of Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd were higher. The mean value of the Nemerow comprehensive pollution index PN in study area was 1.50, which manifested that the wetland as a whole was in light pollution. According to the second grade of environmental quality standard for soil (GB 15618—1995) as the background value, the calculated PN was 0.64, which belonged to the safety level. The average value of Geo-accumulation index was within the range of -2.587 to -0.744, and Igeo<0 indicated that the region as a whole was pollution-free. The average RI of the potential ecological risk index was 72.779, which belonged to low risk. The overall correlation among elements combinations was insufficient, which indicated that the heavy metal accumulation mode was multi-source. In short, the overall ecological environment of Bagaxue wetland was better than that of most wetlands in China. Hg, Pb and Cd elements in the surface soil had strength variation and obvious enrichment in some sites, which were affected by human activities and should be paid more attention to.
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Key words:
- Bagaxue wetland /
- heavy metals /
- ecological risk assessment /
- Lhasa River basin
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