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臭氧的氧化还原电位(2.07 V)较高,具有较强的氧化、杀菌、消毒等能力,是水处理领域公认的一种绿色氧化剂和消毒剂[1-2]。然而,臭氧氧化技术在工程应用过程中普遍存在臭氧利用率低和能耗高的问题[3]。为提高臭氧氧化功效,可采取以下两方面措施:1)增大气液接触面积,提高臭氧与液相间的传质效率;2)通过臭氧分解产生·OH的方法提高臭氧的反应速率和氧化能力。
为提高臭氧气液间的传质效率,研究者将多孔疏水膜应用于臭氧传质,开发了新型的膜接触器。多孔疏水膜既可作为气、液两相的分隔界面,又在膜孔处提供丰富的气液接触界面[4-5]。与填充塔、鼓泡塔和射流负压投加器等传统接触工艺相比,膜接触工艺具有以下优点:1)单位体积内气液接触面积可以提高1~2个量级[6];2)气、液两相独立流动,便于控制;3)气相中分子通过扩散方式直接溶于液相,而不是在压力作用下以气泡形式进入液相,避免了液泛、乳液、雾沫夹带等棘手问题;4)可将膜组件作为模块化组合单元,便于工业应用放大[7-8]。
臭氧在废水处理过程中可与有机污染物直接反应。反应主要通过氧化还原、环加成以及亲电取代等途径进行,具有选择性较强、有机污染物矿化效率低等特点。臭氧间接反应通过臭氧的分解产物(如羟基自由基,·OH)进行,具有反应速率快、无选择性和矿化程度高[9-10]等特点。膜接触臭氧氧化(membrane contact ozonation,MCO)工艺以臭氧直接氧化为主,因而存在反应速率慢、矿化效率低的问题。为了在臭氧高效传质的基础上强化臭氧工艺的氧化能力,有必要将臭氧间接反应与MCO工艺耦合,构建新型的膜接触臭氧氧化工艺。
本研究制备了具有电催化功能的疏水膜,并通过MCO与电化学反应结合构建了膜接触电催化臭氧氧化(electro-catalytic membrane contact ozonation,ECMCO)工艺。电催化疏水膜可将气相中多余的氧气电催化还原为过氧化氢(H2O2);H2O2催化臭氧分解转化为·OH,可明显提升系统的氧化能力。以硝基苯为特征污染物,考察了ECMCO工艺对臭氧难降解污染物的降解效果,明确了高级氧化的反应途径,探究了膜接触传质和电化学反应之间的协同效应。最后,以对酒厂废水的生化出水深度处理为例,评估了ECMCO工艺对实际废水的处理效果,以期为工程应用实践提供参考。
基于电催化疏水膜的新型膜接触臭氧氧化工艺
Development of a novel membrane contact ozonation process based on electro-catalytic hydrophobic membrane
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摘要: 膜接触臭氧氧化(MCO)工艺以疏水膜为臭氧提供丰富的气液接触界面,具有较高臭氧传质效率。然而,MCO工艺以臭氧直接氧化为主,对废水中有机污染物的去除有较强的选择性,氧化能力有待提高。通过电催化疏水膜将MCO工艺与电化学技术相结合,构建了新型的膜接触电催化臭氧氧化(ECMCO)工艺。ECMCO工艺以高级氧化过程为主,对水中硝基苯的去除效率明显增强,同步提高了臭氧传质效率和体系的氧化能力。ECMCO工艺对酒厂废水的生化出水进行深度处理后,水中COD降至50 mg·L−1以下,色度完全脱除,总运行能耗明显低于MCO和MCO+H2O2工艺。针对臭氧工艺在水处理应用中传质效率低、矿化能力差、运行能耗高的问题,ECMCO技术提供了可行的解决方案,有较好的研究价值和应用前景。Abstract: In membrane contact ozonation (MCO) process, hydrophobic membrane provides enormous gas/liquid interface for the mass transfer of ozone, and thereby showing high efficiency in mass transfer. However, the removal of organic pollutants in the process is achieved based the direct reaction of ozone that is highly selective and requires improvement. In this study, combination of MCO and electrolysis was explored to develop a novel electro-catalytic membrane contact ozonation (ECMCO) process. This emerging process was built upon the mechanism of advanced oxidation, thus being capable of increasing the removal of nitrobenzene. In specific, the ECMCO process has great potential to realize enhancement in both the mass transfer of ozone and the oxidation capacity of the system. This new-built process was thereafter used to explore its feasibility in advanced treatment of effluent derived from the biochemical unit of a winery, and showing that the COD was decreased to lower than 50 mg·L−1 with decoloration being completed. The total operational energy consumption of the ECMCO process was lower than that of the MCO or MCO+H2O2 process. This work developed an novel ECMCO process to address the challenges in terms of low mass transfer of ozone, incompletely mineralization of organic pollutants and high operation cost during the ozonation process, thereby offering an important foundation for further research and industrial applications.
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Key words:
- hydrophobic membrane /
- membrane contactor /
- electro-catalytic /
- ozone /
- advanced oxidation process
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