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清洁的水资源,是保障经济社会和自然系统健康可持续发展的关键资源,也是构建人类命运共同体的重要基石。在2015年的联合国可持续发展峰会上,联合国将“为所有人口提供清洁饮水和环境卫生并对其进行可持续管理”列入面向2030年的可持续发展目标(Sustainable Development Goals),以期通过国际合作,促进科技创新,为实现全人类获得清洁饮水和环境卫生的可持续发展目标(Goal 6, Clean Water and Sanitation)构建行之有效的实施路径和解决方案[1]。其中,帮助发展中国家尤其是“一带一路”沿线欠发达国家和地区在水与环境领域开展能力建设,解决全球治理的不平等问题,是联合国清洁饮水和环境卫生可持续发展目标的重要内涵,也是落实这项目标的核心难点。
中国科学院-发展中国家科学院水与环境卓越中心(CAS-TWAS Centre of Excellence for Water and Environment,以下简称“水与环境卓越中心”),是中国科学院和发展中国家科学院联合择优支持的5个卓越中心之一[2]。自2013年依托中国科学院生态环境研究中心设立至今,水与环境卓越中心在发展中国家普遍关注的水与环境领域开展人才培训、合作研究和战略咨询,并围绕“一带一路”倡议开展系统性、实质性的国际科技合作,促进发展中国家在水安全保障的创新能力建设,为其提升水安全保障能力、解决清洁饮水和环境卫生的国计民生难题提供独特的中国式方案,打开了水科技全球合作的新局面。
目前,“一带一路”沿线各发展中国家和地区所处的发展阶段、不同国家和地区在水与环境治理技术和管理水平等方面均存在不同程度的差异,使得清洁饮水和环境卫生可持续发展目标在落实过程中仍面临诸多挑战[3]。因此,在距离联合国2030年可持续发展目标达成的不到10年内,亟需在总结既往经验的基础上,开展水科技国际合作的基本理论与实践模式研究,为水与环境卓越中心乃至全国相关企事业团体深化“一带一路”倡议下水科技国际合作提供科学建议,以满足增进全人类福祉和保护地球环境的重大需求。
本文以水与环境卓越中心设立至今在国际科技合作方面的实践探索为案例,在分析总结国际合作背景、落实进程与所得成效的基础上,探讨未来进一步优化水科技国际合作模式的若干关键要点,为增进“一带一路”沿线国家民众获得感、提升沿线国家水科技创新能力、推进全球可持续发展目标进程及促进中国水务技术和产业更好地服务国际社会等方面提供成功经验与科学范式。
全球新格局下中国开展水科技国际合作的背景、模式与未来展望
International cooperation background, patterns and future prospects in the field of water science and technology in the face of emerging globalization paradigm
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摘要: 清洁的水资源,是关乎全人类生存与持续发展的关键性资源。帮助发展中国家尤其是“一带一路”沿线欠发达国家和地区在水与环境保护领域开展能力建设,解决区域发展不平等性,是联合国面向2030年清洁饮水和环境卫生可持续发展目标的重要内涵。目前,“一带一路”沿线各发展中国家和地区所处的发展阶段及不同国家和地区在水与环境治理技术和管理水平等方面存在不同程度的差异,使得清洁饮水和环境卫生可持续发展目标在落实过程中面临诸多挑战。以中国科学院-发展中国家科学院水与环境卓越中心成立至今在水科技国际合作方面的实践探索为例,分析总结国际合作背景、落实进程与所得成效,探讨未来进一步优化水科技国际合作模式的若干关键要点,为深化“一带一路”倡议下水科技国际合作提供科学建议,以满足增进人类福祉和保护地球环境的重大需求。Abstract: Restoring and ensuring clean water resources are vital to human well-being and survival. In this context, how to assistant developing countries, especially less developed nations and territories along the Belt and Road with their capability building for water and environmental protection, and thereby reducing regional inequality in socio-economic development, have become the important connotation of the Sustainable Development Goal 6, Clean Water and Sanitation, under Agenda 2030 of the United Nations. Nonetheless, it remains challenging to achieve progress at large because varying countries and territories along the Belt and Road are undergoing distinct stages of socio-economic development, accompanied with insufficiencies and differences in water and environmental governances. Therefore, this article at first analyzes and summarizes current international cooperation background, practices, and achievements in the field of water science and technology, building upon experience derived from 7-years practices of CAS-TWAS Centre of Excellence for Water and Environment. Subsequently, the present work highlights and discusses a host of key points to be optimized further in future efforts on international scientific and technological cooperation of water and environmental protection. Overall, this article provides information beneficial for establishing and strengthening the Belt and Road scientific and technological cooperation in the water and environmental field, with the ultimate goal of satisfying ever-growing demands of humans while maintaining the Earth’s ecosystems.
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Key words:
- water resource /
- water treatment /
- sanitation /
- the Belt and Road /
- developing country /
- international cooperation
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