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盐碱湿地常出现在陆海交汇区和内陆盐湖区,其生态功能对区域环境有重要影响。重金属经地表径流、吸收与吸附等迁移转化过程,在盐碱湿地发生沉积、释放等行为,容易造成重金属“二次污染”[1-2]。因此,河口区域重金属污染治理与修复有着十分重要的意义。
翅碱蓬(Suaeda heteroptera)是藜科一年生草本植物,其对盐碱和重金属污染环境具有较好的抗逆性[3-4]。翅碱蓬适应河口湿地盐渍土壤环境,是我国北方河口湿地和盐碱地的特殊优势种。朱鸣鹤等研究表明,翅碱蓬对常见重金属 Cu、Zn、Pb 和 Cd 具有累积作用,其体内重金属含量均高于潮滩背景值,其累积吸收主要取决于植物本身所特有的生理机制[5]。当前,翅碱蓬对重金属吸收研究较多,侧重毒理学方面研究,对于实际污染物消减作用方面研究较少[6-7]。特别是翅碱蓬对于不同重金属的消减能力与消减量等具体关键数据未见报道。
本文以文献调研与辽河口湿地现场监测数据为基础,利用实验室水培实验,研究翅碱蓬对重金属的吸收作用,并对翅碱蓬修复重金属污染土壤技术应用可行性进行分析,以期为河口湿地重金属污染修复提供理论依据。
翅碱蓬对盐碱湿地重金属污染消减作用
Abatement of heavy metal pollution in saline-alkali wetland by Suaeda heteroptera
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摘要: 为探究翅碱蓬对盐碱湿地重金属污染的消减作用和生态修复能力,采用现场监测与高盐水培试验相结合的方法,测定不同浓度Zn2+、Cu2+和Pb2+混合污染下,翅碱蓬对重金属的吸收消减作用。结果表明,在高盐环境下,翅碱蓬对重金属锌、铜和铅均具有消减作用,生物富集系数BCFSh-Zn>BCFSh-Cu>BCFSh-Pb。当重金属离子浓度较高时,翅碱蓬仍可以存活,但吸收量较低,影响了翅碱蓬对重金属污染的修复能力。将研究数据与翅碱蓬种群密度相关联,可得到区域内翅碱蓬对重金属的去除总量,为翅碱蓬生态修复技术推广应用提供相关理论基础和技术支撑。Abstract: In order to explore the abatement effect and ecological restoration ability of Suaeda heteroptera on heavy metal pollution in salt-alkali wetland, the absorption and abatement effect of Suaeda heteroptera were determined under different Zn2+, Cu2+ and Pb2+ concentrations, via field monitoring and high-salt hydroponic experiment. The results showed that Suaeda heteroptera could reduce zinc, copper and lead under high salinity environment, and the bio-enrichment coefficient was BCFSh-Zn>BCFSh-Cu>BCFSh-Pb. When the concentration of heavy metal ions were high, Suaeda heteroptera could still survive, but its absorption was low. By associating the research data with the population density of Suaeda heteroptera, the total amount of heavy metals removed by Suaeda heteroptera in the region could be obtained, providing relevant theoretical basis and technical support for the application of Suaeda heteroptera ecological restoration technology.
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Key words:
- Suaeda heteroptera /
- Zn /
- Cu /
- Pb /
- ecological restoration
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表 1 高盐水培条件下翅碱蓬对不同重金属生物富集系数
Table 1. Bio-enrichment coefficient of different heavy metals in Suaeda heteroptera under high salinity hydroponics
生物富集系数 Cu∶Pb∶Zn
50∶50∶100Cu∶Pb∶Zn
100∶100∶200Cu∶Pb∶Zn
200∶200∶400Cu∶Pb∶Zn
400∶400∶800Cu∶Pb∶Zn
500∶500∶1000Cu 2121 444 116.52 63.97 31.26 Pb 115.36 68.45 6.81 9.59 2.74 Zn 2862 1238 563.7 292.06 160.9 -
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