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β-萘胺(CAS:91-59-8)是萘胺的两种异构体之一,为白色至淡红色叶片状结晶,熔点111 ℃,沸点306.1 ℃,溶于热水、乙醇和乙醚,能随水蒸气挥发. 在橡胶工业中常用作抗氧化剂,也常作为中间体用于染料制造和有机合成,是纺织印染行业常见的偶氮染料之一[1],也是近年来国际上开始禁用的偶氮染料[2-3]. 与未接触β-萘胺人群的预期病例和死亡人数相比,人体接触β-萘胺(生产、使用)导致膀胱癌病例和死亡人数显著增加[4-9]. 2012年IARC将β-萘胺列为G1类致癌物,即确定人类致癌物. 2013年我国4部门联合印发国卫疾控发〔2013〕48号《职业病分类和目录》,新增β-萘胺所致膀胱癌被为职业性肿瘤. 但我国一直没有工作场所空气中β-萘胺检测方法.
当前,我国β-萘胺检测方法主要集中在纺织行业中[10-11],主要与常见芳香胺同时进行检测,无单独检测的报道,如牛增元等开发了高效液相色谱-质谱法测定电子电气产品塑料部件中偶氮染料释放的致癌芳香胺的检测方法[12],陈妍等开发了固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定工业染料中芳香胺检测方法[13],叶曦雯等开发了液液萃取-分散液液微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用测定纺织废水中痕量禁用偶氮染料检测方法[14].
本文拟建立工作场所空气中β-萘胺的检测方法,通过优化采样方法、实验条件,将萘胺的两个异构体完全分离,实现精准定性定量,为广泛开展工作场所空气中萘胺的检测提供一种高效准确的检测方法.
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液相色谱质谱联用仪(岛津LCMS-8060三重四极液质联用仪,日本);硅胶管(6 mm×120 mm,内填硅胶,前段100 mg后段50 mg,北京华瑞博远科技发展有限公司);玻璃纤维滤纸(φ40 mm,上海兴亚净化材料厂);空气采样泵(流量范围20—5000 mL·min−1,Sensidyne Gilian GilAir Plus,美国);甲酸(色谱纯,德国CNW 4.014784.0500);乙腈(色谱纯,TEDIA AS1122-801);甲醇(色谱纯,TEDIA MS1922-801);异丙醇(色谱纯,Merck 1.02781.1000);标准溶液:甲醇中α-萘胺溶液(100 μg·mL−1,Chemservice),甲醇中β-萘胺溶液(100 μg·mL−1,O2Si).
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将采样泵与空气收集器气密连接,以0.5 L·min−1流量,长时间采样采集100 min空气样品,短时间采样采集15 min空气样品,采样完毕取下空气收集器密封装入样品袋,避光带回实验室测定.
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将标准溶液用甲醇稀释1000倍作为标准应用液,以500 μL微量注射器和10 mL刻度吸管分别吸取标准应用液100.0 μL、200.0 μL、500.0 μL、1.00 mL、2.00 mL、5.00 mL、8.00 mL,用甲醇定容到10.00 mL容量瓶中得标准系列,α-萘胺和β-萘胺浓度为:1.00、2.00、5.00、10.00、20.00、50.00、80.00、100.00 μg·L−1.
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液相色谱条件:色谱柱:UPLC—HSS T3(100 mm×2.1 mm I.D. 1.8 μm);流动相:A相为0.1%甲酸水,B相为乙腈;流速:0.4 mL·min−1;进样体积:3 μL;柱温:40 ℃.
洗脱方式:梯度洗脱,B相初始比例为5%,梯度程序见表1.
质谱条件:离子化模式ESI(+);碰撞气为氩气;加热气为空气,10.0 L·min−1;接口温度300 ℃;雾化气为氮气,3.0 L·min−1;DL温度250 ℃;干燥气为氮气,10.0 L·min−1;加热模块温度400 ℃;扫描方式MRM(表2).
在上述条件下对标准系列进行检测,以浓度为横坐标,扣除空白后峰面积为纵坐标,外标法绘制标准曲线.
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标准曲线回归方程:y=151491x-3132.22,R=0.999. 以标准系列浓度点5 μg·L−1的3倍噪声对应浓度为检出限:5.6×10−2 μg·L−1,以解吸液1.00 mL,采样体积50 L计,最低检出浓度为1.1×10−6 mg·m−3,采样体积以7.5 L计,最低检出浓度为7.5×10−6 mg·m−3.
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将18支硅胶管平均分成3组,每组6支,以微量注射器分别精确加入甲醇中β-萘胺10.00、50.00、100.00 μg·L−1浓度的标准溶液各3.00 μL,放置过夜后加入甲醇1.00 mL,解吸30 min后在与标准系列相同的条件下进行测定,计算β-萘胺相对标准偏差和解吸效率,结果见表3.
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使用UPLC—HSS T3色谱柱恒温可将萘胺的两个异构体完全分离且重现性好,故本研究采用该色谱柱. 萘胺两种异构体总离子流图如图1.
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β-萘胺沸点高,在工作场所空气中以蒸气态和气溶胶状态为主要存在形式,本文分别尝试了玻璃纤维滤膜、硅胶管两种空气收集器单独进行采样和串联采样,解吸液分别采用了甲醇和异丙醇,加标浓度50.00 μg·L−1,每种组合加标6次,精密度和采样效率见表4. 由表4可见,采用硅胶管采样,甲醇解吸是六种组合中重复性和采样效率最佳的.
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β-萘胺的检测方法在纺织印染行业的检测方法研究较多,但在工作场所空气中的检测方法未见报道. 本文讨论了工作场所空气中β-萘胺的采样方法,并利用液相色谱质谱联用仪对其精确定性定量,能够实现与α-萘胺的完全分离,线性范围宽,灵敏度高,重复性好,可以作为空气中萘胺检测的方法进一步推广.
三重四极杆液相色谱质谱法测定工作场所空气中β-萘胺
Determination of β-naphthylamine in workplace air by mass spectrometry with triple quadrupole liquid chromatography
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摘要: 本文建立了工作场所空气中β-萘胺的检测方法,采用高分辨液相色谱质谱仪,通过优化采样方法和检测条件,检测工作场所空气中β-萘胺. 结果表明,萘胺的两个异构体在本文的实验条件下可以实现完全分离,精确定性. 本方法对β-萘胺萘胺的检出限为5.6×10−2 μg·L−1,线性范围为1.00—100.00 μg·L−1;10.00、50.00、100.00 μg·L−1样品加标回收率范围为92.1%—97.2%,定量重复性为3.20%—5.18%. 本检测方法可用于工作场所空气中痕量β-萘胺的定性定量分析.Abstract: To establish the method for determination of β-naphthylamine in workplace air by ultra performance liquid chromatography with high resolution mass spectrometry under optimized sampling method and detection parameters. The results indicated that the two isomers of naphthylamine could be completely separated and accurately characterized using the experimental conditions in this paper. The limits of detection of β-naphthylamine were 5.6×10-2 μg·L−1, the linear ranges were 1.00—100.00 μg·L−1; The recoveries of 10.00, 50.00 and 100.00 μg·L−1 were 92.1%—97.2%, and the quantitative reproducibilities were 3.20%—5.18%. This promising method can be used for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of trace β-naphthylamine in workplace air.
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Key words:
- workplace air /
- β-naphthylamine.
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表 1 梯度洗脱程序
Table 1. Gradient elution procedure e
时间/min
Time模块
Module命令
CommandB相比例/%
Value1.0 Pumps Pump B Conc 5 4.0 Pumps Pump B Conc 40 10.0 Pumps Pump B Conc 95 13.5 Pumps Pump B Conc 95 13.6 Pumps Pump B Conc 5 16.0 Pumps Pump B Conc 5 16.0 Controller Stop 表 2 MRM参数
Table 2. MRM parameters
化合物 CAS NO. 前体离子 产物离子 Q1 Pre/V CE/V Q3 Pre/V β-萘胺 91-59-8 143.8 127.1* −12 −26 −24 117.1 −13 −22 −12 α-萘胺 134-32-7 143.8 127.1* −12 −26 −24 117.1 −13 −22 −12 *定量离子对. 表 3 低中高三个浓度的精密度和回收率
Table 3. Precision and recovery of low, medium and high concentrations
加标浓度/(μg·L−1)
Spiked concentration平均值
Average valueRSD/% 平均解吸效率/%
Average desorption efficiency10.00 1551202 4.96 92.1 50.00 7520601 3.20 95.7 100.00 15296070 5.18 97.2 表 4 不同空气收集器和解吸液的采样效率
Table 4. Sampling efficiency for different air collector and desorption solutions
空气收集器
Air collector解吸液
Desorption solutionRSD/% 平均采样效率/%
Average Sampling efficiency玻璃纤维滤纸 甲醇 6.3 92.3 异丙醇 7.9 83.5 硅胶管 甲醇 3.6 96.2 异丙醇 6.8 85.6 玻璃纤维滤纸+硅胶管 甲醇 5.7 90.6 异丙醇 7.2 84.4 -
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