山东省典型湿地水体和沉积物中全氟辛烷羧酸(PFOA)和全氟辛烷磺酸(PFOS)的污染特征
Pollution characteristics of PFOA and PFOS in typical wetlands of Shandong Province
-
摘要: 全氟辛烷羧酸（perfluorooctanoic acid，PFOA）和全氟辛烷磺酸（perfluorooctane sulfonate，PFOS）广泛存在于全球范围内的各种环境介质中，是全氟化合物中最典型的持久性有机污染物.为考察山东省典型湿地中PFOA和PFOS的浓度水平与空间分布特征，采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱与WAX固相萃取相结合的方法，检测并系统分析了南四湖流域和东部沿海地区水和沉积物体系中PFOA和PFOS含量状况.研究结果表明，PFOA和PFOS在研究区域全部水样中均被检测出，浓度范围分别为10.49-84.6 ng·L-1和0.49-25.4 ng·L-1；其中南四湖流域表层水中污染物的含量高于东部沿海地区，并且污染物浓度从下游到上游呈上升趋势.沉积物样品中PFOA和PFOS的浓度范围（干重）分别为0.09-2.76 ng·g-1和0.17-5.25 ng·g-1，其空间分布趋势和水样中的大致相同.与国内外其他地区水和沉积物中PFOA和PFOS含量进行对比，山东省典型湿地中两种污染物的污染水平较高且PFOA污染更为严重.与PFOA相比，水和沉积物体系中PFOS的分配系数更高，并且不同区域间的分配系数存在差异.此外，本文采用熵值法对研究区域内两种污染物进行了初步风险评估，分析结果显示PFOA和PFOS对水生生物和野生鸟类可能存在一定的生态风险，且PFOS的风险较高，考虑到全氟化合物的生物累积性和食物链放大效应，应重视PFOA和PFOS的生态风险.Abstract: As the most typical persistent organic pollutants, PFOA and PFOS have been found in each environmental medium around the world. In order to investigate the levels and spatial distribution of PFOA and PFOS in the representative wetlands from Nansi Lake and the eastern coastal regions of Shandong province, the concentrations of the two pollutants in this study were measured and systematically analyzed with the ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) combined with the solid phase extraction and enrichment. The results show that both PFOA and PFOS were detected in all water samples and the concentrations of PFOA and PFOS ranged from 10.49 to 84.6 ng·L-1 and 0.49 to 25.4 ng·L-1, respectively. Moreover, the PFOA and PFOS levels in water samples showed an increasing trend from the downstream to upstream of the Nansi Lake, and the levels were higher than those of the coastal regions of Shandong province. The concentrations of PFOA and PFOS in sediment samples ranged from 0.09 to 2.76 ng·g-1 and 0.17 to 5.25 ng·g-1, respectively, and the spatial distribution weas similar to that of the water samples. Compared with the levels of PFOA and PFOS in water and sediments in other areas both in and out side of China, the pollution levels of the two pollutants in typical wetlands in Shandong Province are higher and the pollution of PFOA is more serious. Results of the partition coefficient (Kd) show that PFOS had higher Kd values, and the Kd varied among the different areas. We should pay more attention to PFOA and PFOS contamination because the results of risk assessment suggest certain risk of PFOA and PFOS to the local aquatic and wild birds.
-
-
[1] PAUL A G, JONES K C, SWEETMAN A J. A first global production, emission, and environmental inventory for perfluorooctane sulfonate[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2008, 43(2):386-392. [2] XIE Y, YANG Q, NELSON B D, et al. The relationship between liver peroxisome proliferation and adipose tissue atrophy induced by peroxisome proliferator exposure and withdrawal in mice[J]. Biochemical Pharmacology, 2003, 66(5):749-756. [3] CHANG S C, EHRESMAN D J, BJORK J A, et al. Gestational and lactational exposure to potassium perfluorooctanesulfonate (K+PFOS) in rats:Toxicokinetics, thyroid hormone status, and related gene expression[J]. Reproductive Toxicology, 2009, 27(3):319-330. [4] GIESY J P, NALIE J E, KHIM J S, et al. Aquatic toxicology of perfluorinated chemicals[J]. Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2010, 202:1-52. [5] OLSEN G W,BURRIS J M, MANDEL J H, et al. Serum perfluorooctane sulfonate and hepatic and lipid clinical chemistry tests in fluorochemical production employees[J]. Journal of Occupational Environmental Medicine, 1999, 41(9):799-806. [6] NAILE J E, KHIM J S, WANG T, et al. Perfluorinated compounds in water, sediment, soil and biota from estuarine and coastal areas of Korea[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2010, 158(5):1237-1244. [7] 王亚韡, 蔡亚岐, 江桂斌. 斯德哥尔摩公约新增持久性有机污染物的一些研究进展[J]. 中国科学:化学, 2010,40(2):99-123. WANG Y W, CAI Y Q, JIANG G B. Research processes of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) newly listed and candidate POPs in Stockholm Convention[J]. Science China Chemistry, 2010,40(2):99-123(in Chinese).
[8] ZHAO Y G, WAN H T, LAW A Y, et al. Risk assessment for human consumption of perfluorinated compound-contaminated freshwater and marine fish from Hong Kong and Xiamen[J]. Chemosphere, 2011, 85(2):277-283. [9] WU Y, WANG Y, LI J, et al. Perfluorinated compounds in seafood from coastal areas in China[J]. Environment International, 2012, 42(1):67-71. [10] HANSEN K J, JOHNSON H O, ELDRIDGE J S, et al. Quantitative characterization of trace levels of PFOS and PFOA in the Tennessee River[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2002, 36(8):1681-1685. [11] CLARA M, GANS O, WEISS S, et al. Perfluorinated alkylated substances in the aquatic environment:An Austrian case study[J]. Water Research, 2009, 43(18):4760-4768. [12] YEUNG L W Y, YAMASHITA N, TANIYASU S, et al. A survey of perfluorinated compounds in surface water and biota including dolphins from the Ganges River and in other waterbodies in India[J]. Chemosphere, 2009, 76(1):55-62. [13] 崔歆, 杨琳, 刘爽,等. 持久性环境污染物全氟辛烷磺酸和全氟辛酸的污染现状研究进展[J]. 环境与职业医学, 2010, 27(8):505-508. CUI X, YANG L, LIU S, et al. Current situation of the pollution from persistant environmental contaminants perfluorooctane sulfonate and perfluorooctanoate[J]. Journal of Environmental & Occupational Medicine, 2010, 27(8):505-508(in Chinese).
[14] PREVEDOUROS K, COUSINS I T, BUCK R C. Sources, fate and transport of perfluorocarboxylates[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2006, 40:32-44. [15] THEOBALD N, CALIEBE C, GERWINSKI W, et al. Occurrence of perfluorinated organic acids in the North and Baltic Seas. Part 2:Distribution in sediments[J]. Environmental Science & Pollution Research, 2011, 18(7):1057-1069. [16] GAO Y, FU J, ZENG L, et al. Occurrence and fate of perfluoroalkyl substances in marine sediments from the Chinese Bohai Sea, Yellow Sea, and East China Sea[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2014, 194(1):60-68. [17] SO M K, MIYAKE Y, YEUNG W Y, et al. Perfluorinated compounds in the Pearl River and Yangtze River of China[J]. Chemosphere, 2007, 68(11):2085-2095. [18] WANG B, CAO M, ZHU H, et al. Distribution of perfluorinated compounds in surface water from Hanjiang River in Wuhan, China[J]. Chemosphere, 2013, 93(3):468-473. [19] WANG T, KHIM J S, CHEN C, et al. Perfluorinated compounds in surface waters from Northern China:Comparison to level of industrialization[J]. Environment International, 2012, 42(1):37-46. [20] YANG L, ZHU L, LIU Z. Occurrence and partition of perfluorinated compounds in water and sediment from Liao River and Taihu Lake, China[J]. Chemosphere, 2011, 83(6):806-814. [21] ZHANG Y, LAI S, ZHAO Z, et al. Spatial distribution of perfluoroalkyl acids in the Pearl River of Southern China[J]. Chemosphere, 2013, 93(8):1519-1525. [22] LI F, SUN H, HAO Z, et al. Perfluorinated compounds in Haihe River and Dagu Drainage Canal in Tianjin, China[J]. Chemosphere, 2011, 84(2):265-271. [23] 张明, 唐访良, 俞雅雲,等. 钱塘江(杭州段)表层水中全氟化合物的残留水平及分布特征[J]. 环境科学, 2015, 36(12):4471-4478. ZHANG M, TANG F L, YU Y Y, et al. Residue concentration and distribution characteristics of perfluorinated compounds in surface water from Qiantang River in Hangzhou Section[J]. Environmental Science, 2015, 36(12):4471-4478(in Chinese).
[24] 刘刘冰, 金一和, 于棋麟,等. 松花江水系江水中全氟辛烷磺酸和全氟辛酸污染现状调查[J]. 环境科学学报, 2007, 27(3):480-486. LIU B, JIN Y H, YU Q L, et al. Investigation of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic ac id(PFOA) pollution in the surface water of the Songhua River[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2007, 27(3):480-486(in Chinese).
[25] 东口朋宽, 史江红, 张晖,等. 汾河流域太原段河水及沉积物中PFOS和PFOA的浓度分布特征[J]. 环境科学, 2013, 34(11):4211-4217. DONG K P K, SHI J H, ZHANG H, et al. Distribution of perfluorooctanesulfonate and perfluorooctanoate in water and the sediment in Fenhe River,Shanxi Province[J]. Environmental Science, 2013, 34(11):4211-4217(in Chinese).
[26] 张大文, 王冬根, 张莉,等. 太湖梅梁湾全氟化合物污染现状研究[J]. 环境科学学报, 2012, 32(12):2978-2985. ZHANG D W, WANG D G, ZHANG L, et al. A study on the perfluorinated compounds pollution in Meiliang Bay, Taihu Lake[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2012, 32(12):2978-2985(in Chinese).
[27] 陈静, 王琳玲, 朱湖地,等. 东湖表层水体中全氟辛酸和全氟辛磺酸空间分布特征[J]. 环境科学, 2012, 33(8):2586-2591. CHEN J, WANG L L, ZHU H D, et al. Spatial distribution of perfluorooctanoic acids and perfluorinate sulphonates in surface water of East Lake[J]. Environmental Science,, 2012, 33(8):2586-2591(in Chinese).
[28] 薛欢欢, 丁光辉, 张楠楠,等.大连湾表层海水全氟烷基化合物污染水平及分布研究[J]. 海洋环境科学, 2018, 37(2):252-257. XUE H H, DING G H, ZHANG N N, et al. Study on pollution level and distribution of perfluoroalkyl substances in surface seawater of Dalian bay[J]. Marine Environmental Science, 2018, 37(2):252-257(in Chinese).
[29] 赵淑江, 曹培, 朱诚侃,等. 温州近海海域海水及滩涂沉积物中PFOS和PFOA污染特征分析[J]. 海洋环境科学, 2012, 31(2):221-224. ZHAO S J, CAO P, ZHU C K, et al. Pollution characteristics of PFOS and PFOA in water and sediment samples from Wenzhou inshore[J]. Marine Environmental Science, 2012, 31(2):221-224(in Chinese).
[30] SENTHILKUMAR K, OHI E, SAJWAN K, et al. Perfluorinated compounds in river water, river sediment, market fish, and wildlife samples from Japan[J]. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination & Toxicology, 2007, 79(4):427-31. [31] KANNAN K, TAO L, SINCLAIR E, et al. Perfluorinated compounds in aquatic organisms at various trophic levels in a Great Lakes food chain[J]. Archives of Environmental Contamination & Toxicology, 2005, 48(4):559-566. [32] MEYER T, DE SILVA A O, SPENCER C, et al. Fate of perfluorinated carboxylates and sulfonates during snowmelt within an urban watershed[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2011, 45(19):8113-8119. [33] LABADIE P, CHEVREUIL M. Partitioning behaviour of perfluorinated alkyl contaminants between water, sediment and fish in the Orge River (nearby Paris, France)[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2011, 159(2):391-397. [34] LANGE F T, WENZ M, SCHMIDT C K, et al. Occurrence of perfluoroalkyl sulfonates and carboxylates in German drinking water sources compared to other countries[J]. Water Science & Technology A Journal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research, 2007, 56(11):151-158. [35] YAMASHITA N, KANNAN K, TANIYASU S, et al. A global survey of perfluorinated acids in oceans[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2005, 51(8):658-668. [36] NGUYEN V T, REINHARD M, KARINA G Y. Occurrence and source characterization of perfluorochemicals in an urban watershed[J]. Chemosphere, 2011, 82(9):1277-1285. [37] [38] 刘琰, 江秋枫, 韩梅,等. 红枫湖流域表层沉积物中全氟化合物的污染特征[J]. 环境科学研究, 2015, 28(4):517-523. LIU Y, JIANG Q F, HAN M, et al. Contamination profiles of perfluorinated substances in surface sediments of Hongfeng Lake Basin[J]. Research of Environmental Sciences, 2015, 28(4):517-523(in Chinese).
[39] GANG P, YOU C. Sediment-water distribution of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) in Yangtze River Estuary[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2010, 158(5):1363-1367. [40] JIA B, WEI L, LI L, et al. Perfluorinated compounds in urban river sediments from Guangzhou and Shanghai of China[J]. Chemosphere, 2010, 80(2):123-130. [41] PAN Y, SHI Y, WANG J, et al. Pilot investigation of perfluorinated compounds in river water, sediment, soil and fish in Tianjin, China[J]. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination & Toxicology, 2011, 87(2):152-157. [42] MA R, SHIH K. Perfluorochemicals in wastewater treatment plants and sediments in Hong Kong[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2010, 158(5):1354-1362. [43] BECKER A M, GERSTMANN S, FRANK H. Perfluorooctanoic acid and perfluorooctane sulfonate in the sediment of the Roter Main River, Bayreuth, Germany[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2008, 156(3):818-820. [44] PICO Y, BLASCO C, FARRé M, et al. Occurrence of perfluorinated compounds in water and sediment of L'Albufera Natural Park (València, Spain)[J]. Environmental Science & Pollution Research, 2012, 19(4):946-957. [45] ZHAO L, ZHU L, YANG L, et al. Distribution and desorption of perfluorinated compounds in fractionated sediments[J]. Chemosphere, 2012, 88(11):1390-1397. [46] ZUSHI Y, TAMADA M, KANAI Y, et al. Time trends of perfluorinated compounds from the sediment core of Tokyo Bay, Japan (1950s-2004)[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2010, 158(3):756-763. [47] HIGGINS C P, FIELD J A, CRIDDLE C S, et al. Quantitative determination of perfluorochemicals in sediments and domestic sludge[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2005, 39(11):3946-3956. [48] ZHANG Y, WEI M, GUO C, et al. Determination and partitioning behavior of perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids and perfluorooctanesulfonate in water and sediment from Dianchi Lake, China[J]. Chemosphere, 2012, 88(11):1292-1299. [49] 赵建亮, 应光国, 魏东斌,等. 水体和沉积物中毒害污染物的生态风险评价方法体系研究进展[J]. 生态毒理学报, 2011, 6(6):577-588. ZHAO J L, YING G G, WEI D B, et al. Ecological risk assessment methodology of toxic pollutants in surface water and sediments:A review[J]. Asian Journal of Ecotoxicolog, 2011, 6(6):577-588(in Chinese).
[50] YANG S, XU F, WU F, et al. Development of PFOS and PFOA criteria for the protection of freshwater aquatic life in China[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2014, 470-471(2):677-683. [51] VALSECCHI S, CONTI D, CREBELLI R, et al. Deriving environmental quality standards for perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and related short chain perfluorinated alkyl acids[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2016, 323(Pt A):84-98. -
点击查看大图
计量
- 文章访问数: 1514
- HTML全文浏览数: 1514
- PDF下载数: 48
- 施引文献: 0
下载:
