原始生殖细胞的发育调控及环境雌激素对其毒性效应的研究进展
Developmental Regulation of Primordial Germ Cells and Progress of Toxic Effects Study of Environmental Estrogens on PGCs
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摘要: 随着环境雌激素(environmental estrogens, EEs)在人体样本尤其是孕早期人体样本中频繁被检出，对于EEs的生殖健康风险研究开始关注其对原始生殖细胞(primordial germ cells, PGCs)发生和迁移的影响。PGCs是生殖细胞的前体细胞，经过特化、迁移、分化后生成精子或卵子，作为高等生物体生命延续的载体，其遗传稳定性对人体生殖健康至关重要。本文以小鼠及斑马鱼为例总结了PGCs发育过程及其关键调控因子，讨论了雌激素在PGCs发育中的作用及其调控方式，在此基础上综述了EEs对PGCs的毒性效应及其分子机制的研究进展。了解EEs对PGCs的毒性效应及分子机制研究进展，将为EEs的人体生殖健康风险评估提供更为精准的科学依据。Abstract: With the frequent detection of environmental estrogens (EEs) in human derived samples, especially in those of early pregnancy samples, effects of EEs on the occurrence and migration of primordial germ cells (PGCs) are becoming the research focus of their reproductive health risks. PGCs are the precursor cells of gametes, which can undergo specialization, migration, and differentiation to produce sperm or eggs. As the carriers of life continuation in higher organisms, the genetic stability of PGCs is crucial. By using mice and zebrafish as examples, our article provides a summary of the development process of PGCs and the key regulatory factors involved, as well as the role and regulation of estrogen in the development of PGCs. Furthermore, the research progress on the toxic effects of EEs on PGCs and their underlying molecular mechanisms is also summarized. This review article can provide a more accurate scientific basis for assessing the risks posed by EEs to human reproductive health.
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