城郊关键带土壤中溶解性有机质的光谱特性及其时空变异
Spectral characteristics and spatiotemporal variation of DOM in Peri-urban Critical Zone
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摘要: 溶解性有机质（DOM）作为地球关键带中物质与能量循环的重要活性组分，其与关键带中诸多重要环境过程有着密切关系.本研究以宁波樟溪流域作为城郊关键带的典型代表区域，采集土壤样品，结合紫外可见光谱（UV-Vis）、三维荧光光谱（3D-EEM）进行特征表征，分析不同类型土壤中DOM的分布特征、影响因素和季节性变化规律.主要结果如下：林地DOC平均含量均大于耕地，其中林地秋季（15.4 mg·L-1）>林地春季（12.5 mg·L-1）；耕地秋季（11.9 mg·L-1）>耕地春季（11.4 mg·L-1）；DOM结构在紫外可见光谱下表现为耕地DOM芳香化程度（SUVA254）、疏水性组分（SUVA260）和分子量（SR）较林地大，其中耕地秋季最为突出；三维荧光光谱结合平行因子分析（PARAFAC）把土壤DOM分为5种组分，主要以富里酸类物质为主（C1、C3、C5），也含有色氨酸、酪氨酸类蛋白质（C4）和腐殖酸（C2）等物质，其中耕地春季的腐殖化程度最大，耕地秋季比春季含有较多类蛋白质，林地较耕地含有更多的类蛋白质，林地春秋两季中DOM结构变化不大.Abstract: As an important component of substance and energy cycle of Earth's Critical Zone, dissolved organic matter (DOM) has close relationship with many other environmental processes in the Critical Zone. In this study, Ningbo Zhangxi River was used as a typical representative area of peri-urban critical zone. Soil samples were collected and characterized by ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) absorption spectroscopy and three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy (3D-EEM), and the distribution characteristics, influencing factors and seasonal variation of DOM in different types of soil were analyzed. The main results showed that the average DOC concentrations in forestland were higher than the farmland and with the forestland autumn (15.4 mg·L-1) >forestland spring(12.5 mg·L-1), and farmland autumn (11.9 mg·L-1) > farmland spring (11.4 mg·L-1). The DOM structure in the UV-Vis spectra indicated the farmland DOM humification degree (SUVA254), hydrophobicity degree (SUVA260) and molecular weight (SR) were larger than forestland, of which the farmland is the most prominent in autumn. 3D-EEM in combination with parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) suggest the soil DOM could be divided into 5 components, mainly fulvic-acid like (C1,C3,C5), accompanied by tryptophan, tyrosine protein-like (C4) and humic-acid like(C2), among which the spring of farmland had the greatest degree of humification, the autumn of farmland contained more protein, and forestland had more kinds of protein than farmland with less changes of the DOM structure of forestland in spring and autumn seasons.
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