襄阳市驾校灰尘重金属含量及其指示意义
Heavy metal contents and their implications in dusts from driving schools in Xiangyang City,Hubei Province
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摘要: 为揭示湖北省襄阳市驾校灰尘重金属污染特征，采用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪（ICP-MS）对襄阳市具有代表性的16个驾校的36个灰尘样品中Hg、As、Cd、Pb、Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn等8种重金属含量进行测定，采用地累积指数、潜在生态危害指数和健康风险评价等方法进行研究.结果表明，襄阳市驾校灰尘样品中Hg、As、Cd、Pb、Cr、Ni、Cu和Zn的平均含量分别为0.096±0.128、14.9±2.8、1.793±0.734、141.5±58.0、107±22、34.2±7.7、78.4±33.6、445±171 mg·kg-1，其中Cd、Pb、Cu和Zn富集显著（最高可达20倍于背景值），总体上Cd为中度至偏重度污染，Pb和Zn为偏中度至中度污染，Cu为轻度至偏中度污染，8种重金属总体达到较高至极高生态风险级别（RI平均为424.3），不存在非致癌风险（HI平均为0.40）但存在人体可耐受致癌风险（RISK平均为2.91×10-5）.襄阳市驾校灰尘重金属主要来自机动车排放，并受到驾校周围环境的影响，其中有工业排放影响的驾校重金属含量（Cd、Pb、Zn、Cu）增加最为显著.Abstract: Concentrations of Hg,As,Cd,Pb,Cr,Ni,Cu and Zn were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for 36 dust samples collected from driving schools in Xiangyang to assess their pollution characteristics. Geoaccumulation index,potential ecological risk index and health risk assessment method (USEPA) were included in this study. The results showed that the mean concentrations of Hg,As,Cd,Pb,Cr,Ni,Cu and Zn were 0.096±0.128,14.9±2.8,1.793±0.734,141.5±58.0,107±22,34.2±7.7,78.4±33.6 and 445±171 mg·kg-1,respectively. Cd,Pb,Cu and Zn were significantly enriched (up to 20 times of the background value). Cd was moderate contamination,Pb and Zn were slight to moderate contamination,and Cu was slight contamination in the mass. The eight heavy metals in the dusts samples reached high to extremely high ecological risk level. The total non-carcinogenic hazard index (0.40) was less than the safety threshold value (1.00),indicating that adults did not suffer non-carcinogenic risk. The total carcinogenic hazard index (2.91×10-5) of five carcinogenic heavy metals was in the range of 10-6 to 10-4,suggesting adults suffered tolerable cancer risk. Heavy metals in the dusts were mainly derived from vehicle emission and were affected by the surrounding environment. The heavy metals content of the driving school increased most significantly (Cd、Pb、Zn、Cu) if there was industrial emission.
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Key words:
- heavy metals /
- health risk /
- dusts /
- driving-school /
- Xiangyang City
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