典型富硒农业基地土壤硒的生物有效性与剖面分布分析
Bioavailability and profile distribution of selenium in soils of typical Se-enriched agricultural base
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摘要: 以山东省淄博市博山区富硒农业用地作为研究区域，从典型农业用地中采取土壤剖面样品，测定土壤总硒、有效硒、土壤理化性质、土壤中重金属等指标，对土壤中总硒和有效硒的土壤剖面分布并结合空间差异和水系进行分析.结果表明，博山区表层土壤（0—10 cm）总硒范围为0.080—1.290 mg·kg-1，均值为0.360 mg·kg-1，略高于全国土壤硒元素的平均值（0.290 mg·kg-1）.土壤有效硒均值为0.033 mg·kg-1，占总硒比例为10.16%.土壤中全硒含量在剖面上的分布呈现出上高下低的规律，土壤中有效硒在土壤剖面表现出上高下低、上低下高、上下相近等3种趋势.土壤母质中硒含量的高低是影响区域富硒水平的一个重要因素.研究区内硒元素和重金属镉呈极显著相关，土壤硒可能与土壤中重金属存在伴生作用.目前关于有效硒含量分级标准仍需要探讨，发展富硒农业需要构建有效硒评价体系，全面综合考虑土壤中全硒和有效硒.Abstract: Se-enriched agricultural base in Boshan,Zibo city was selected as the study area,where soil samples were collected. The content of total selenium,available selenium,physicochemical properties of the soil and heavy metals were determined. Moreover,soil profile distribution and spatial difference of total selenium and available selenium were analyzed. The results showed that the content of total selenium in surface soils (0—10 cm) ranged from 0.080 to 1.290 mg·kg-1,with a mean of 0.360 mg·kg-1,which was higher than the national level (0.290 mg·kg-1). The average content of available selenium in soil was 0.033 mg·kg-1,accounting for 10.16% of the total selenium. Profile distribution of total selenium showed characteristics of surface accumulation. Profile distribution of available selenium showed characteristics of surface accumulation,uniform distribution and bottom accumulation. The content of selenium in soil parent material played an important role in accumulating selenium in soil. Available selenium was significantly correlated with soil organic carbon and total nitrogen. Selenium had a significant correlation with cadmium in the study area and there might exist accociation effects between selenium and heavy metals. The classification standard of available selenium content still needs to be discussed. The available selenium evaluation system needs to be built for the development of Se-enriched agriculture. Overall,total selenium and available selenium should be considered together.
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