黄河流域马莲河枯水期水化学特征及形成机制
Hydrochemical characteristics and formation mechanisms of Malian River in Yellow River basin during dry season
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摘要: 为查明马莲河流域水环境现状，于2016年4月采集河水、支流水和地下水样品37组，运用Piper三线图和同位素分析来探究水体主要阴阳离子、氢氧稳定同位素特征及其空间变化，结合Gibbs图、端元图解和相关性分析等方法揭示河水化学组分的形成作用.结果表明：枯水期马莲河水呈弱碱性，总溶解固体TDS均值2685.1 mg·L-1，离子组成以Na+、Mg2+、Cl-、SO42-为主，水化学特征和中国主要河流有较大差异.沿着流向TDS和Cl-、Na+质量浓度呈降低趋势、水化学类型具分带规律.不同水体δD、δ18O分布特征不一，地下水沿着当地降雨线分布，河水和支流水沿着蒸发线分布.硫酸盐和岩盐是水体离子的主要来源，河水化学组成由蒸发盐风化、蒸发浓缩和地下水补给3种作用控制.其中，蒸发盐风化是首要因素，决定了河水化学组分的宏观特征，蒸发作用和地下水补给影响了河水化学组成的空间变异.Abstract: To find out the current status of water environment in Malian River Basin, a total number of 37 sets of water samples were collected including river water, tributary water and groundwater during the dry season. Piper diagrams and isotopes analysis were applied to explore the characteristics and spatial variation of hydrochemistry and oxygen and hydrogen isotopes, respectively. And the formation of chemical composition of river water was revealed with Gibbs chart, end-member model and correlation analysis methods. The results indicated that the river water was weak alkaline, with Na+, Mg2+,Cl-,SO42- as main ions, and an average TDS(total dissolved solids) of 2685.1 mg·L-1, which showed significant difference in comparison with other main rivers in China. Along the flow direction, TDS and the concentration of Cl- and Na+ descended and showed a hydrochemistry zonation. The distribution of δD、δ18O were different for groundwater and surface water, while the groundwater samples were distributed along the local meteoric line and the river and tributary water samples were distributed along the evaporation line. The major ions of the river water came from sulfate and halite and were controlled by evaporite weathering, evaporation and groundwater discharge. The evaporite weathering was the most important factor which determined the macroscopic features of the water chemical composition, and evaporation and groundwater discharge influenced the spatial variations of hydrochemistry.
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Key words:
- hydrochemistry /
- evaporite weathering /
- evaporation /
- groundwater discharge /
- Malian River
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