中国高山及高原边缘过渡区环境中持久性有机污染物研究进展
Research progress on persistent organic pollutants in alpine and plateau edge transitional region environment, China
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摘要: 根据近十年的国内外文献报道，本文系统介绍了目前中国高山及高原边缘过渡区环境中持久性有机污染物（POPs）研究进展，内容涉及大气、降水、土壤等介质，重点对表层土壤中典型POPs沿海拔高度的分布进行了阐述和讨论.由于影响因素众多，在不同地理位置和气象条件下，"高山冷凝效应"表现不同.本文对比了中国南方、北方以及西南地区高山表层土壤中典型POPs的观测数据并与Mountain-POP模型进行了比较.Mountain-POP模型对海拔2500 m以下多雨且植被丰富的高山体现出来一些规律性，但对降水少、海拔高度大于2500 m的荒原型土壤则有其应用的局限性.因此在应用于具体的高海拔地区时，要将化合物的物化性质与局地气象、地形、植被等环境特点相结合进行考虑.高海拔高山与高原有不同的机理和归宿.根据POPs大气沉降可能受到的影响，可将高山和高原区分为"海拔梯度降水型"和"极地型"两类.本文提出了在此领域存在的问题和发展方向.Abstract: Based on the literatures published in China and abroad in recent ten years, this paper summarizes and discusses the current research progress on persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the environments of Chinese high mountains and high plateau transition zones, focusing on the altitudinal distribution patterns of typical semivolatile POPs in multi-environmental media such as air, precipitation, and soils. The mountain cold-trapping effect can be different depending on geographical and meteorological conditions. The observational data of typical POPs in top-soils of high mountains in the southern, northern, and southwestern China are compared with the Mountain-POP model which shows some regularity for the rainy and vegetation-rich mountains below 2500 m above sea level. However, the application of the model has its limitations to barren-land mountains with low rainfall and altitude greater than 2500 m. Therefore, when applied to a particular high mountain, the physicochemical properties of compounds should be considered in combination with the local meteorological, topographical and vegetation features. POPs have different distribution mechanisms and fate in high mountains and plateaus. The distribution patterns of semi-volatile POPs in alpine and plateau environment can be divided into ‘Altitudal precipitation gradient type’ and ‘Polar type’. This paper puts forward the existing problems and the hot issues in this field.
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