[1] TANG X L, WU C C, LI X, et al. On the origin and continuing evolution of SARS-CoV-2 [J]. National Science Review, 2020, 7(6): 1012-1023. doi: 10.1093/nsr/nwaa036
[2] 穆朋倩. 禽产品中抗病毒药物的多残留检测方法研究[D]. 北京: 中国农业科学院, 2016. MU P Q. Study on multi-residue detection of antiviral drugs in poultry products[D]. Beijing: Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2016(in Chinese).
[3] BAGGA S, BOUCHARD M J. Cell cycle regulation during viral infection[M]//Methods in Molecular Biology. New York: Springer New York, 2014: 165-227.
[4] 许寅, 孟现民, 张永信, 等. 不同作用机制抗流感病毒药物的临床研究进展 [J]. 上海医药, 2014, 35(21): 58-60,70. XU Y, MENG X M, ZHANG Y X, et al. Research progress in anti-influenza virus drugs with different mechanisms of action [J]. Shanghai Medical & Pharmaceutical Journal, 2014, 35(21): 58-60,70(in Chinese).
[5] 刘春宇. 抗流行性感冒病毒药物研究综述 [J]. 中国医药指南, 2009, 7(11): 205-206. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-8194.2009.11.156 LIU C Y. Review of research on anti-influenza virus drugs [J]. Guide of China Medicine, 2009, 7(11): 205-206(in Chinese). doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-8194.2009.11.156
[6] 白云, 牟永新. 我国抗病毒药物市场分析 [J]. 中国新药杂志, 2001, 10(8): 629-631. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1003-3734.2001.08.028 BAI Y, (MOU| MU) Y X. Analysis of antiviral drug market in my country [J]. Chinese New Drugs Journal, 2001, 10(8): 629-631(in Chinese). doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1003-3734.2001.08.028
[7] 方峰. 抗巨细胞病毒药物的研究进展和临床应用 [J]. 临床儿科杂志, 2007, 25(7): 528-531. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-3606.2007.07.003 FANG F. Progresses in the development of antiviral drugs for Cytomegalovirus diseases and their clinical applica-tions [J]. Journal of Clinical Pediatrics, 2007, 25(7): 528-531(in Chinese). doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-3606.2007.07.003
[8] 蔡丽娜, 张明江. 恩曲他滨分散片的制备与溶出度检查方法验证 [J]. 贵州医药, 2009, 33(3): 261-262. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-744X.2009.03.031 CAI L N, ZHANG M J. Preparation of emtricitabine dispersible tablets and verification of dissolution test method [J]. Guizhou Medical Journal, 2009, 33(3): 261-262(in Chinese). doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-744X.2009.03.031
[9] LOCAMINI S, QI X, ARTERBUM S, et al. Incidence and predictors of emergence of adefovir resistant HBV during four years of adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) therapy for patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) [J]. Journal of Hepatology, 2005, 42: 17.
[10] TENNEY D J, ROSE R E, BALDICK C J, et al. Two-year assessment of entecavir resistance in lamivudine-refractory hepatitis B virus patients reveals different clinical outcomes depending on the resistance substitutions present [J]. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 2007, 51(3): 902-911. doi: 10.1128/AAC.00833-06
[11] MONINI P, SGADARI C, BARILLARI G, et al. HIV protease inhibitors: Antiretroviral agents with anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic and anti-tumour activity [J]. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 2003, 51(2): 207-211. doi: 10.1093/jac/dkg086
[12] 史卫国, 郄建坤, 刘克良. HIV融合抑制剂的研究进展[J]. 中国新药杂志, 2006, 15(17): 1429-1435. SHI W G, QIE J K, LIU K L. Current status and trends of HIV fusion inhibitors[J]. Chinese Journal of New Drugs, 2006, 15(17): 1429-1435(in Chinese).
[13] PRASSE C, SCHLVSENER M P, SCHULZ R. Antiviral drug in wastewater and surface waters: A new pharmaceutical class of environmental relevance [J] Environmental Science & Technology, 2010, 44 (5): 1728-1735.
[14] DUFFY S, SHACKELTON L A, HOLMES E C. Rates of evolutionary change in viruses: Patterns and determinants [J]. Nature Reviews. Genetics, 2008, 9(4): 267-276. doi: 10.1038/nrg2323
[15] AZUMA T, ISHIDA M, HISAMATSU K, et al. Fate of new three anti-influenza drugs and one prodrug in the water environment [J]. Chemosphere, 2017, 169: 550-557. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.11.102
[16] NANNOU C, OFRYDOPOULOU A, EVGENIDOU E, et al. Antiviral drugs in aquatic environment and wastewater treatment plants: A review on occurrence, fate, removal and ecotoxicity [J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2020, 699: 134322. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134322
[17] 王珍. 阿昔洛韦在水环境中的光降解行为及机理的研究[D]. 广州: 广东工业大学, 2017. WANG Z. Study on photolytic degradation and mechanisms of acyclovir in aqueous environment[D]. Guangzhou: Guangdong University of Technology, 2017(in Chinese).
[18] NCUBE S, MADIKIZELA L M, CHIMUKA L, et al. Environmental fate and ecotoxicological effects of antiretrovirals: A current global status and future perspectives [J]. Water Research, 2018, 145: 231-247. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.08.017
[19] FUNKE J, PRASSE C, TERNES T A. Identification of transformation products of antiviral drugs formed during biological wastewater treatment and their occurrence in the urban water cycle [J]. Water Research, 2016, 98: 75-83. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.03.045
[20] JIA T C, GUO J T, WANG Z, et al. Photodegradation mechanisms of acyclovir in water and the toxicity of photoproducts [J]. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, 2019, 320(3): 823-830. doi: 10.1007/s10967-019-06543-4
[21] 吴慧珍. 畜禽排泄物及其衍生物中环境风险物质的分析检测与安全评价[D]. 杭州: 浙江工业大学, 2017. WU H Z. Analysis and environmental risk assessment for the harmful substances in the livestock excreta and organic fertilizer[D]. Hangzhou: Zhejiang University of Technology, 2017(in Chinese).
[22] WOOD T P, DUVENAGE C S J, ROHWER E. The occurrence of anti-retroviral compounds used for HIV treatment in South African surface water [J]. Environmental Pollution, 2015, 199: 235-243. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2015.01.030
[23] MURIUKI C, KAIRIGO P, HOME P, et al. Mass loading, distribution, and removal of antibiotics and antiretroviral drugs in selected wastewater treatment plants in Kenya [J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2020, 743: 140655. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140655
[24] K'OREJE K O, VERGEYNST L, OMBAKA D, et al. Occurrence patterns of pharmaceutical residues in wastewater, surface water and groundwater of Nairobi and Kisumu city, Kenya [J]. Chemosphere, 2016, 149: 238-244. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.01.095
[25] AMINOT Y, LITRICO X, CHAMBOLLE M, et al. Development and application of a multi-residue method for the determination of 53 pharmaceuticals in water, sediment, and suspended solids using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry [J]. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 2015, 407(28): 8585-8604. doi: 10.1007/s00216-015-9017-3
[26] PENG Y, FANG W D, KRAUSS M, et al. Screening hundreds of emerging organic pollutants (EOPs) in surface water from the Yangtze River Delta (YRD): Occurrence, distribution, ecological risk [J]. Environmental Pollution, 2018, 241: 484-493. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.05.061
[27] GIEBUŁTOWICZ J, TYSKI S, WOLINOWSKA R, et al. Occurrence of antimicrobial agents, drug-resistant bacteria, and genes in the sewage-impacted Vistula River (Poland) [J]. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2018, 25(6): 5788-5807. doi: 10.1007/s11356-017-0861-x
[28] KHAN G A, LINDBERG R, GRABIC R, et al. The development and application of a system for simultaneously determining anti-infectives and nasal decongestants using on-line solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry [J]. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 2012, 66: 24-32. doi: 10.1016/j.jpba.2012.02.011
[29] de NAKADA N, SHINOHARA H, MURATA A, et al. Removal of selected pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) and endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) during sand filtration and ozonation at a municipal sewage treatment plant [J]. Water Research, 2007, 41(19): 4373-4382. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2007.06.038
[30] GLASSMEYER S T, FURLONG E T, KOLPIN D W, et al. Nationwide reconnaissance of contaminants of emerging concern in source and treated drinking waters of the United States [J]. The Science of the Total Environment, 2017, 581/582: 909-922. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.12.004
[31] GONÇALVES C, PÉREZ S, OSORIO V, et al. Photofate of oseltamivir (tamiflu) and oseltamivir carboxylate under natural and simulated solar irradiation: Kinetics, identification of the transformation products, and environmental occurrence [J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2011, 45(10): 4307-4314.
[32] NGUMBA E, GACHANJA A, TUHKANEN T. Occurrence of selected antibiotics and antiretroviral drugs in Nairobi River Basin, Kenya [J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2016, 539: 206-213. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.08.139
[33] XU W H, ZHANG G, ZOU S C, et al. Determination of selected antibiotics in the Victoria Harbour and the Pearl River, South China using high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry [J]. Environmental Pollution, 2007, 145(3): 672-679. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2006.05.038
[34] PENG X Z, WANG C W, ZHANG K, et al. Profile and behavior of antiviral drugs in aquatic environments of the Pearl River Delta, China [J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2014, 466/467: 755-761. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.07.062
[35] YAO X T, YE F, ZHANG M, et al. In vitro antiviral activity and projection of optimized dosing design of hydroxychloroquine for the treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) [J]. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 2020, 71(15): 732-739. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa237
[36] MARTINEZ M A. Compounds with therapeutic potential against novel respiratory 2019 coronavirus [J]. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 2020, 64(5): e00399.
[37] EVGENIDOU E N, KONSTANTINOU I K, LAMBROPOULOU D A. Occurrence and removal of transformation products of PPCPs and illicit drugs in wastewaters: A review [J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2015, 505: 905-926. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.10.021
[38] KUMAR M, MAZUMDER P, MOHAPATRA S, et al. A chronicle of SARS-CoV-2: Seasonality, environmental fate, transport, inactivation, and antiviral drug resistance [J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2021, 405: 124043. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124043
[39] BARTELS P, von TÜMPLING W Jr. The environmental fate of the antiviral drug oseltamivir carboxylate in different waters [J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2008, 405(1/2/3): 215-225.
[40] 杨术鹏. 镰刀菌毒素及其隐蔽型形式的代谢研究[D]. 北京: 中国农业大学, 2016. YANG (S /Z)P. Metabolism of fusarial toxins and their masked forms[D]. Beijing: China Agricultural University, 2016(in Chinese).
[41] 张小庆. 抗病毒药物利巴韦林在蛋鸡体内代谢产物探究[D]. 北京: 中国农业科学院, 2017. ZHANG X Q. Metabolic study of antiviral drug ribavirin in laying hens[D]. Beijing: Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2017(in Chinese).
[42] 阳海, 安太成, 李桂英, 等. 光催化技术降解水中环境药物的研究进展 [J]. 生态环境学报, 2010, 19(4): 991-999. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-5906.2010.04.044 YANG H, AN T C, LI G Y, et al. Recent advances in photocatalytic degradation of aquatic environmental pharmaceuticals [J]. Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2010, 19(4): 991-999(in Chinese). doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-5906.2010.04.044
[43] KARIM E I A, IBRAHIM K E E, ABDELRAHMAN A N, et al. Photodegradation studies on chloroquine phosphate by high-performance liquid chromatography [J]. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 1994, 12(5): 667-674. doi: 10.1016/0731-7085(93)E0026-J
[44] 马杜娟. 水环境中萘普生光化学降解行为研究[D]. 广州: 广东工业大学, 2013. MA D J. The study of photolytic behavior of naproxen in aqueous environment[D]. Guangzhou: Guangdong University of Technology, 2013(in Chinese).
[45] 安继斌. 水体中典型有机污染物的光催化降解动力学及降解机理研究[D]. 兰州: 兰州理工大学, 2011. AN J B. Photocatalytic degradation kinetics and mechanism of model organic pollutants in water environment[D]. Lanzhou: Lanzhou University of Technology, 2011(in Chinese).
[46] ZHOU C Z, XIE Q, WANG J Q, et al. Effects of dissolved organic matter derived from freshwater and seawater on photodegradation of three antiviral drugs [J]. Environmental Pollution, 2020, 258: 113700. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113700
[47] DAOUK S, CHÈVRE N, VERNAZ N, et al. Prioritization methodology for the monitoring of active pharmaceutical ingredients in hospital effluents [J]. Journal of Environmental Management, 2015, 160: 324-332. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2015.06.037
[48] HAŁADYJ E, SIKORA M, FELIS-GIEMZA A, et al. Antimalarials - are they effective and safe in rheumatic diseases? [J]. Reumatologia, 2018, 56(3): 164-173. doi: 10.5114/reum.2018.76904
[49] 王璐. 抗逆转录病毒药物临床药动学及药效学研究[D]. 北京: 中国协和医科大学, 2008. WANG L. Studies on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs used for HAART in Chinese patients[D]. Beijing: Peking Union Medical College, 2008(in Chinese).
[50] 寇惠娟. 三种抗病毒药物在中国艾滋病患者的临床药效学和药动学研究[D]. 北京: 北京协和医学院, 2012. KOU H J. Study on pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of three antiretroviral drugs in Chinese patients with HIV infection[D]. Beijing: Peking Union Medical College, 2012(in Chinese).
[51] AN J B, LI G Y, AN T C, et al. Photocatalytic degradation of three amantadine antiviral drugs as well as their eco-toxicity evolution [J]. Catalysis Today, 2015, 258: 602-609. doi: 10.1016/j.cattod.2015.01.004
[52] POMATI F, KELLMANN R, CAVALIERI R, et al. Comparative gene expression of PSP-toxin producing and non-toxic Anabaena circinalis strains [J]. Environment International, 2006, 32(6): 743-748. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2006.03.010
[53] ESCHER B I, BRAMAZ N, LIENERT J, et al. Mixture toxicity of the antiviral drug Tamiflu® (oseltamivir ethylester) and its active metabolite oseltamivir acid [J]. Aquatic Toxicology, 2010, 96(3): 194-202. doi: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2009.10.020
[54] SANDERSON H, JOHNSON D J, REITSMA T, et al. Ranking and prioritization of environmental risks of pharmaceuticals in surface waters [J]. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, 2004, 39(2): 158-183. doi: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2003.12.006
[55] ZURITA J L, JOS A, del PESO A, et al. Ecotoxicological evaluation of the antimalarial drug chloroquine [J]. Aquatic Toxicology (Amsterdam, Netherlands), 2005, 75(2): 97-107. doi: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2005.07.009
[56] BARRA CARACCIOLO A, GRENNI P, SACCÀ M L. Effect of the antiviral drug oseltamivir (tamiflu) on the bacterial community structure of a surface water ecosystem analyzed using fluorescence in situ hybridization [J]. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2010, 85(5): 443-446. doi: 10.1007/s00128-010-0114-x
[57] U. S. EPA. Guidelines for Human Exposure Assessment. [DB/OL]. Risk Assessment Guidance, 2019-10, 19(1): 443-446. www. epa. gov/risk.
[58] ROBSON L, BARNHOORN I E J, WAGENAAR G M. The potential effects of efavirenz on Oreochromis mossambicus after acute exposure [J]. Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology, 2017, 56: 225-232. doi: 10.1016/j.etap.2017.09.017
[59] 张国栋, 董文平, 刘晓晖, 等. 我国水环境中抗生素赋存、归趋及风险评估研究进展 [J]. 环境化学, 2018, 37(7): 1491-1500. doi: 10.7524/j.issn.0254-6108.2017112003 ZHANG G D, DONG W P, LIU X H, et al. Occurrence, fate and risk assessment of antibiotics in water environment of China [J]. Environmental Chemistry, 2018, 37(7): 1491-1500(in Chinese). doi: 10.7524/j.issn.0254-6108.2017112003
[60] COLACINO J M, MALCOLM S K, JASKUNAS S R. Effect of fialuridine on replication of mitochondrial DNA in CEM cells and in human hepatoblastoma cells in culture [J]. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 1994, 38(9): 1997-2002. doi: 10.1128/AAC.38.9.1997
[61] ZENG W, CHENG A C, CHEN Z L, et al. In vivo assessment of mitochondrial toxicity of metacavir in Rhesus monkeys after three months of intravenous administration [J]. Acta Pharmacologica Sinica, 2009, 30(12): 1666-1673. doi: 10.1038/aps.2009.163
[62] RICHARDSON F C, TENNANT B C, MEYER D J, et al. An evaluation of the toxicities of 2' -fluorouridine and 2'-fluorocytidine-HCI in F344 rats and woodchucks (Marmota monax) [J]. Toxicologic Pathology, 1999, 27(6): 607-617. doi: 10.1177/019262339902700601
[63] STRAUB J O. Combined environmental risk assessment for the antiviral pharmaceuticals ganciclovir and valganciclovir in Europe [J]. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 2017, 36(8): 2205-2216. doi: 10.1002/etc.3758
[64] AHMED W, ANGEL N, EDSON J, et al. First confirmed detection of SARS-CoV-2 in untreated wastewater in Australia: A proof of concept for the wastewater surveillance of COVID-19 in the community [J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2020, 728: 138764. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138764
[65] BRADFORD B. Bronx Zoo tiger tests positive for coronavirus, officials say[N/OL]. Fox News. 2020-04-05. https://www.foxnews.com/science/tiger-bronx-zoo-coronavirus.
[66] 程忠刚, 傅伟龙, 刘树中. 动物抗病毒药物的应用研究进展 [J]. 兽医导刊, 2010(8): 42-45. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8586.2010.08.020 CHENG Z G, FU W L, LIU S Z. Application research progress of animal antiviral drugs [J]. Veterinary Orientation, 2010(8): 42-45(in Chinese). doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8586.2010.08.020
[67] ELLIS J B. Antiviral pandemic risk assessment for urban receiving waters [J]. Water Science and Technology, 2010, 61(4): 879-884. doi: 10.2166/wst.2010.002
[68] IRWIN K K, RENZETTE N, KOWALIK T F, et al. Antiviral drug resistance as an adaptive process [J]. Virus Evolution, 2016, 2(1): vew014. doi: 10.1093/ve/vew014
[69] WHOMSLEY R, GRIFFIN E, Jensen J, et al. Commentary on the draft revised guideline on the environmental risk assessment of medicinal products for human use [J]. Environmental Sciences Europe, 2019, 31(1): 1-4. doi: 10.1186/s12302-018-0176-7
[70] PEREIRA A M P T, SILVA L J G, MEISEL L M, et al. Environmental impact of pharmaceuticals from Portuguese wastewaters: Geographical and seasonal occurrence, removal and risk assessment [J]. Environmental Research, 2015, 136: 108-119. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2014.09.041