市售聚氯乙烯（PVC）塑料制品中短链及中链氯化石蜡含量分析及排放预测

于浩然; 高媛; 张海军; 陈吉平

doi:10.7524/j.issn.0254-6108.2023120501

[1]

BRANDSMA S H, BRITS M, GROENEWOUD Q R, et al. Chlorinated paraffins in car tires recycled to rubber granulates and playground tiles[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2019, 53(13): 7595-7603.

[2]

XIN S Z, GAO W, WANG Y W, et al. Thermochemical emission and transformation of chlorinated paraffins in inert and oxidizing atmospheres[J]. Chemosphere, 2017, 185: 899-906. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.07.019

[3]

VAN MOURIK L M, GAUS C, LEONARDS P E G, et al. Chlorinated paraffins in the environment: A review on their production, fate, levels and trends between 2010 and 2015[J]. Chemosphere, 2016, 155: 415-428. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.04.037

[4]

UNEP. Recommendation by the persistent organic pollutants review committee to list short-chain chlorinated paraffins in annex a to the convention and draft text of the proposed amendment [EB/OL]. [2017-5].

[5]

UNEP. Draft risk management evaluation: chlorinated paraffins with carbon chain lengths in the range C14—17 and chlorination levels at or exceeding 45 per cent chlorine by weight [EB/OL]. [2023-10-9].

[6]

中商产业研究院. 2023年中国PVC行业产量及表观消费量预测分析 [EB/OL]. [2022-12-14].

[7]

张佩萱, 高丽荣, 宋世杰, 等. 环境中短链和中链氯化石蜡的来源、污染特征及环境行为研究进展[J]. 环境化学, 2021, 40(2): 371-383. doi: 10.7524/j.issn.0254-6108.2020101603 ZHANG P X, GAO L R, SONG S J, et al. Chlorinated paraffins in the environment: A review on their sources, levels and fate[J]. Environmental Chemistry, 2021, 40(2): 371-383 (in Chinese). doi: 10.7524/j.issn.0254-6108.2020101603

[8]

刘煜, 王启宇, 吴永明, 等. 电子垃圾回收区水生昆虫体内氯化石蜡的污染水平和富集特征[J]. 环境化学, 2021, 40(10): 3037-3045. doi: 10.7524/j.issn.0254-6108.2020052703 LIU Y, WANG Q Y, WU Y M, et al. Bioaccumulation of short- and medium-chain chlorinated paraffins in aquatic insects from an e-waste recycling site[J]. Environmental Chemistry, 2021, 40(10): 3037-3045 (in Chinese). doi: 10.7524/j.issn.0254-6108.2020052703

[9]

ZHAN F Q, ZHANG H J, WANG J, et al. Release and gas-particle partitioning behaviors of short-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs) during the thermal treatment of polyvinyl chloride flooring[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2017, 51(16): 9005-9012.

[10]

CHEN C K, CHEN A N, LI L, et al. Distribution and emission estimation of short- and medium-chain chlorinated paraffins in Chinese products through detection-based mass balancing[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2021, 55(11): 7335-7343.

[11]

WEI G L, LIANG X L, LI D Q, et al. Occurrence, fate and ecological risk of chlorinated paraffins in Asia: A review[J]. Environment International, 2016, 92/93: 373-387. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2016.04.002

[12]

KOBETIČOVÁ K, ČERNÝ R. Ecotoxicity assessment of short- and medium-chain chlorinated paraffins used in polyvinyl-chloride products for construction industry[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2018, 640/641: 523-528. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.300

[13]

GLÜGE J, WANG Z Y, BOGDAL C, et al. Global production, use, and emission volumes of short-chain chlorinated paraffins - a minimum scenario[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2016, 573: 1132-1146. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.08.105

[14]

国家市场监督管理总局, 国家标准化管理委员会. 玩具材料中短链氯化石蜡含量的测定气相色谱-质谱联用法: GB/T 41524—2022[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2022. State Administration for Market Regulation, Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China. Determination of short chain chlorinated paraffins in toy materials—Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry: GB/T 41524—2022[S]. Beijing: Standards Press of China, 2022(in Chinese).

[15]

国家市场监督管理总局, 国家标准化管理委员会. 皮革和毛皮化学试验短链氯化石蜡的测定: GB/T 38405—2019[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2019. State Administration for Market Regulation, Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China. Leather and fur—Chemical tests—Determination of short-chain chlorinated paraffins: GB/T 38405—2019[S]. Beijing: Standards Press of China, 2019(in Chinese).

[16]

Leather-determination of chlorinated hydrocarbons in leather chromatographic method for short-chain chlorinated paraffins (British Standard): ISO 18219-1: 2021[S]. 2021-05.

[17]

YU S, GAO Y, ZHU X H, et al. Gas/particle partitioning of short and medium chain chlorinated paraffins from a CP production plant using passive air sampler and occupational exposure assessment[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2023, 858: 159875. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159875

[18]

WENG J Y, YU H R, ZHANG H J, et al. Health risks posed by dermal and inhalation exposure to high concentrations of chlorinated paraffins found in soft poly(vinyl chloride) curtains[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2023, 57(14): 5580-5591.

[19]

ZHUO M H, MA S T, LI G Y, et al. Chlorinated paraffins in the indoor and outdoor atmospheric particles from the Pearl River Delta: Characteristics, sources, and human exposure risks[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2019, 650: 1041-1049. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.09.107

[20]

STAŠ M, CHUDOBA J, KUBIČKA D, et al. Chemical characterization of pyrolysis bio-oil: Application of orbitrap mass spectrometry[J]. Energy & Fuels, 2015, 29(5): 3233-3240.

[21]

BELARBI S, VIVIER M, ZAGHOUANI W, et al. Comparison of new approach of GC-HRMS (Q-Orbitrap) to GC-MS/MS (triple-quadrupole) in analyzing the pesticide residues and contaminants in complex food matrices[J]. Food Chemistry, 2021, 359: 129932. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129932

[22]

MÉZIÈRE M, CARIOU R, LARVOR F, et al. Optimized characterization of short-, medium, and long-chain chlorinated paraffins in liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry[J]. Journal of Chromatography A, 2020, 1619: 460927. doi: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.460927

[23]

PERKONS I, PASECNAJA E, ZACS D. The impact of baking on chlorinated paraffins: Characterization of C₁₀-C₁₇ chlorinated paraffins in oven-baked pastry products and unprocessed pastry dough by HPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS[J]. Food Chemistry, 2019, 298: 125100. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125100

[24]

WU Y, GAO S T, LIU Z Y, et al. The quantification of chlorinated paraffins in environmental samples by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with Orbitrap Fusion Tribrid mass spectrometry[J]. Journal of Chromatography A, 2019, 1593: 102-109. doi: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.01.077

[25]

BOGDAL C, ALSBERG T, DIEFENBACHER P S, et al. Fast quantification of chlorinated paraffins in environmental samples by direct injection high-resolution mass spectrometry with pattern deconvolution[J]. Analytical Chemistry, 2015, 87(5): 2852-2860. doi: 10.1021/ac504444d

[26]

KRÄTSCHMER K, COJOCARIU C, SCHÄCHTELE A, et al. Chlorinated paraffin analysis by gas chromatography Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry: Method performance, investigation of possible interferences and analysis of fish samples[J]. Journal of Chromatography A, 2018, 1539: 53-61. doi: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.01.034

[27]

MENDO DIAZ O, TELL A, KNOBLOCH M, et al. Fingerprinting of chlorinated paraffins and their transformation products in plastic consumer products[J]. Chemosphere, 2023, 338: 139552. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139552

[28]

RETH M, ZENCAK Z, OEHME M. New quantification procedure for the analysis of chlorinated paraffins using electron capture negative ionization mass spectrometry[J]. Journal of Chromatography A, 2005, 1081(2): 225-231. doi: 10.1016/j.chroma.2005.05.061

[29]

WANG C, GAO W, LIANG Y, et al. Concentrations and congener profiles of chlorinated paraffins in domestic polymeric products in China[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2018, 238: 326-335. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.02.078

[30]

王妍力, 尹戈, 林黛琴, 等. 负化学源-气相色谱质谱法测定塑料儿童玩具中短链氯化石蜡(C₁₀—C₁₃)含量[J], 环境化学, 2021, 40(8): 2586-2588. WANG Y L, YIN G, LIN D Q, et al. Determination of short chain chlorinated paraffin(C₁₀—C₁₃) in plastic children’s toys by negative chemical-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry[J]. Environmental Chemistry, 2021, 40(8): 2586-2588 (in Chinese).

[31]

GUIDA Y, MATSUKAMI H, KAJIWARA N. Short- and medium-chain chlorinated paraffins in polyvinyl chloride consumer goods available in the Japanese market[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2022, 849: 157762. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157762

[32]

陈晓玉, 王志方, 高小中, 等. 背包中短链氯化石蜡污染特征分析及其健康风险评价[J]. 环境化学, 2022, 41(3): 893-899. doi: 10.7524/j.issn.0254-6108.2020102604 CHEN X Y, WANG Z F, GAO X Z, et al. Pollution characteristic analysis and risk assessment of SCCPs in backpacks[J]. Environmental Chemistry, 2022, 41(3): 893-899 (in Chinese). doi: 10.7524/j.issn.0254-6108.2020102604

[33]

UNEP. Draft technical guidelines on the environmentally sound management of wastes consisting of, containing or contaminated with short-chain chlorinated paraffins[EB/OL]. [2019-4-29].

[34]

MCGRATH T J, POMA G, MATSUKAMI H, et al. Short- and medium-chain chlorinated paraffins in polyvinylchloride and rubber consumer products and toys purchased on the Belgian market[J]. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2021, 18(3): 1069. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18031069

[35]

YU H R, GAO Y, ZHAN F Q, et al. Release mechanism of short- and medium-chain chlorinated paraffins from PVC materials under thermal treatment[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2023, 57(8): 3095-3103.

[36]

林伟. 塑料供水管道中短链氯化石蜡检测技术研究[J]. 塑料工业, 2016, 44(9): 103-105,111. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-5770.2016.09.025 LIN W. Study on the detection techniques of short chain chlorinated paraffins in plastic water supply pipe[J]. China Plastics Industry, 2016, 44(9): 103-105,111 (in Chinese). doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-5770.2016.09.025

[37]

CHEN C K, CHEN A N, ZHAN F Q, et al. Global historical production, use, in-use stocks, and emissions of short-, medium-, and long-chain chlorinated paraffins[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2022, 56(12): 7895-7904.