[1] OLSON J R,BELLIN J S,BARNES D G.Reexamination of data used for establishing toxicity equivalence factors (TEFs) for chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (CDDs and CDFs)[J].Chemosphere,1989,18(1):371-381.
[2] HITES R A.Dioxins:An Overview and History[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2011,45(1):16-20.
[3] SANDERMA W.Polychlorinated aromatic-compounds as pollutants[J].Naturwissenschaften,1974,61(5):207-213.
[4] RAPPE C,KJELLER L O,JONSSON P,et al.Chlorinated dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans and extractable organochlorines:Studies of sediment outside a pulp plant,Report to the Swedish Environmental Protections Board[R].1987.
[5] RAPPE C,ANDERSSON R,BERGQVIST P A,et al.Overview on environmental fate of chlorinated dioxins and dibenzofurans:Sources,levels and isomeric pattern in various matrices[J].Chemosphere,1987,16(8-9):1603-1618.
[6] SWANSON S E,RAPPE C,MALMSTR M J,et al.Emissions of PCDDs and PCDFs from the pulp industry[J].Chemosphere,1988,17(4):681-691.
[7] AMENDOLA G,BARNA D,BLOSSER R,et al.The occurrence and fate of PCDDs and PCDFs in five bleached kraft pulp and paper mills[J].Chemosphere,1989,18(1-6):1181-1188.
[8] BECK H,DROΒ A,ECKART K,et al.PCDDs,PCDFs and related compounds in paper products[J].Chemosphere,1989,19(1):655-660.
[9] CLEMENT R E,TASHIRO C,SUTER S,et al.Chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (CDDs) and dibenzofurans (CDFs) in effluents and sludges from pulp and paper mills[J].Chemosphere,1989,18(1-6):1189-1197.
[10] KITUNEN V H,SALKINOJA-SALONEN M S.Occurrence of PCDDs and PCDFs in pulp and board products[J].Chemosphere,1989,19(1-6):721-726.
[11] BECK H,DROB A,MATHAR W,et al.Influence of different regional emissions and cardboard containers on levels of PCDD,PCDF and related compounds in cow milk[J].Chemosphere,1990,21(6):789-798.
[12] FOUQUET A,MESSIER F,COLGAN D,et al.Investigation for presence of chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and dibenzofurans (PCDFs) in bleaching processes from pulp and paper industries[J].Chemosphere,1990,20(10):1707-1714.
[13] KITUNEN V H,SALKINOJA-SALONEN M S.Distribution of PCDD/PCDFs in PE-coated paperboards an explanation for migration of PCDD/PCDFs from board products[J].Chemosphere,1991,23(11):1561-1568.
[14] JONSSON P,RAPPE C,KJELLER L O,et al.Pulp-mill related polychlorinated organic-compounds in baltic sea sediment[J].Ambio,1993,22(1):37-43.
[15] WHITTEMORE R C,LAFLEUR L E,GILLESPIE W J,et al.USEPA/paper industry cooperative dioxin study:The 104 mill study[J].Chemosphere,1990,20(10-12):1625-1632.
[16] YUNKER M B,CRETNEY W J,IKONOMOU M G.Assessment of chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and dibenzofuran trends in sediment and crab hepatopancreas from pulp mill and harbor sites using multivariate-and index-based approaches[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2002,36(9):1869-1878.
[17] AGENCY U S E P.The National Study[R].Tiers,1987,3,5,6,and 7(EPA 440/4-87-003):Office of Water Regulations and Standards (WH-553),Washington,D.C.20460.
[18] AMENDOLA G,BARNA D,BLOSSER R,et al.The occurrence and fate of PCDDs and PCDFs in five bleached kraft pulp and paper mills[C].Seventh International Symposium on Chlorinated Dioxins and Related Compounds.1987.Las Vegas,Nevada,USA.
[19] MACDONALD R W,IKONOMOU M G,PATON D W.Historical inputs of PCDDs,PCDFs,and PCBs to a British Columbia interior lake:The effect of environmental controls on pulp mill emissions[J].Environmental Science&Technology,1998,32(3):331-337.
[20] 詹怀宇,刘秋娟,陈嘉川,等.制浆原理与工程[M].第三版.北京:中国轻工业出版社,2011.ZHAN H Y,LIU Q J,CHEN J C,et al.Pulping principle and engineering[M].The third edition.Beijing:Chinese Light Industry Press,2011(in Chinese).
[21] KRINGSTAD K P,LINDSTROEM K.Spent liquors from pulp bleaching[J].Environmental Science&Technology,1984,18(8):236A-248A.
[22] 中国造纸协会.中国造纸工业2014年度报告[J].中华纸业,2015,36(11):28-38. China Paper Association.2014 annual report of China's paper industry[J].China Pulp&Paper Industry,2015,36(11):28-38(in Chinese).
[23] ALLEN L H,BERRY C E,FLEMING B I,et al.Evdence that oil-based additives are a potential indirect source of the TCDD and TCDF produced in the kraft bleach plants[C].Eighth International Symposium on Chlorinated Dioxins and Related Compounds.1988,Umea,Sweden.
[24] ALLEN L H,BERRY R M,FLEMING B I,et al.Evidence that oil-based additives are an indirect source of the TCDD and TCDF produced in kraft bleach plants[J].Chemosphere,1989,19(1-6):741-744.
[25] VOSS R H,LUTHE C E,FLEMING B I,et al.Some new insights into the origins of dioxins formed during chemical pulp bleaching[J].Pulp&Paper Canada,1988,89(12):151-162.
[26] GRAY A P,DIPINTO V M,SOLOMON I J.Synthesis of specific polychlorinated dibenzofurans[J].The Journal of Organic Chemistry,1976,41(14):2428-2434.
[27] BERRY R,FLEMING B,VOSS R,et al.Toward preventing the formation of dioxins during chemical pulp bleaching[J].Pulp&Paper Canada,1989,90(8):48-58.
[28] VANNESS G F,TIERNAN T O,HANES M S,et al.Determination of dibenzo-p-dioxin (DBD) and dibenzofuran (DBF) in paper pulp mill defoamer additives and in paper pulp samples[J].Chemosphere,1990,20(10-12):1611-1618.
[29] LAFLEUR L,BRUNCK B,MCDONOUGH T,et al.Studies on the mechanism of PCDD/PCDF formation during the bleaching of pulp[J].Chemosphere,1990,20(10):1731-1738.
[30] DALLONS V J,WHITTEMORE R C,LAFLEUR L E,et al.A study of 2,3,7,8-TCDD and 2,3,7,8-TCDF formation at 23 bleach plants[J].Pulping Conference,1990:153-160.
[31] DALLONS V J,WHITTEMORE R C,LAFLEUR L E,et al.An intensive study of the formation and distrubution of 2,3,7,8-TCDD and 2,3,7,8-TCDF during bleaching of kraft pulp[J].Organohalogen Compounds,1990,3:231-234.
[32] KRINGSTAD K,ABE Z,SOUSA F,et al.On the formation of PCDDs and PCDFs in the bleaching of pulp[C].CPPA Environment Conference,1988,Vancouver,Canada.
[33] RAPPE C,SWANSON S,GLAS B,et al.On the formation of PCDDs and PCDFs in the bleaching of pulp[J].Pulp&Paper Canada,1989,90(8):42-47.
[34] DIMMEL D R,RIGGS K B,PITTS G,et al.Formation mechanisms of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans during pulp chlorination[J].Environmental Science&Technology,1993,27(12):2553-2558.
[35] RAJAN P S,CHEN C L,GRATZL J S,et al.Formation of chloro-organics during chlorine bleaching of softwood kraft pulp.1.Chlorination of lignin model compounds[J].Holzforschung,1994,48:117-124.
[36] HISE R G,HINTZ H L.The effect of brownstock washing on the formation of chlorinated dioxins and furans during bleaching[J].Tappi Journal,1990,73(1):185-190.
[37] HRUTFIORD B F,NEGRI A R.Chlorinated dibenzofurans and dibenzodioxins from lignin models[J].Tappi Journal,1992,75(8):129-134.
[38] HRUTFIORD B F,NEGRI A R.Dioxin sources and mechanisms during pulp bleaching[J].Chemosphere,1992,25(1):53-56.
[39] HISE R G,WRIGHT B T,SWANSON S E.Formation of chlorinated dioxins and furans from lignin and lignin model compounds[J].Chemosphere,1990,20(10-12):1723-1730.
[40] LUTHE C E,BERRY R M,VOSS R H.Are chlorinated phenols precursors of bleach plant dioxins?[J].Chemosphere,1994,28(10):1883-1894.
[41] MARWAH N,RAJAN P S,JOYCE T W,et al.Chemistry and kinetics of formation of chloro-organics in chlorine bleaching of softwood kraft pulp[C].International pulp Bleaching Conference,1991,Stockholm,Sweden.
[42] HUTZINGER O,BLUMICH M J,VDBERG M,et al.Sources and fate of PCDDs and PCDFs:An overview[J].Chemosphere,1985,14(6-7):581-600.
[43] LAMPARSKI L L,STEHL R H,JOHNSON R L.Photolysis of pentachlorophenol-treated wood.Chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin formation[J].Environmental Science&Technology,1980,14(2):196-200.
[44] SVENSON A,KJELLER L O,RAPPE C.Enzyme-mediated formation of 2,3,7,8-tetrasubstituted chlorinated dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans[J].Environmental Science&Technology,1989,23(7):900-902.
[45] ÖBERG L,RAPPE C.Biochemical formation of PCDD/Fs from chlorophenols[J].Chemosphere,1992,25(1):49-52.
[46] LOMNICKI S,TRUONG H,DELLINGER B.Mechanisms of product formation from the pyrolytic thermal degradation of catechol[J].Chemosphere,2008,73(4):629-633.
[47] LUTHE C E,BERRY R M,VOSS R H.Formation of chlorinated dioxins during production of bleached kraft pulp from sawmill chips contaminated with polychlorinated phenols[J].Tappi Journal,1993,76(3):63-69.
[48] LUTHE C E.Octachlorinated dioxin in pulps and effluents:Where does it come from?[J].Chemosphere,1996,32(12):2409-2425.
[49] SANTL H,GRUBER L,ST HRER E.Some new sources of polychlorinated dibenzodioxins (PCDDs) and dibenzofurans (PCDFs) in waste papers and recycled pulps[J].Chemosphere,1994,29(9-11):1995-2003.
[50] SANTL H,BICHLMAIER A,GRUBER L,et al.Mass balance of polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and polychlorinated dibenzodioxins (PCDDs) in a recycling paper mill[J].Chemosphere,1994,28(9):1633-1639.
[51] ZHENG M H,BAO Z C,WANG K O,et al.Levels of PCDDs and PCDFs in the bleached pulp from Chinese pulp and paper industry[J].Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology,1997,59(1):90-93.
[52] 郑明辉,包志成,徐晓白.草浆漂白过程中二英类生成机理探讨[J].环境化学,1999,18(6):526-531. ZHENG M H,BAO Z C,XU X B.Formation mechanisms of dioxins during hypochlorite bleaching or chlorination of non-wood plant fibers pulp[J].Environmental Chemistry,1999,18(6):526-531(in Chinese).
[53] ZHENG M H,BAO Z C,ZHANG B,et al.Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in paper making from a pulp mill in China[J].Chemosphere,2001,44(6):1335-1337.
[54] WANG X L,NI Y W,ZHANG H J,et al.Formation and emission of PCDD/Fs in Chinese non-wood pulp and paper mills[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2012,46(21):12234-12240.
[55] 王雪丽,倪余文,张海军,等.草浆次氯酸盐漂白过程中二英的变化[J].环境化学,2014,33(4):604-610. WANG X L,NI Y W,ZHANG H J,et al.Change of PCDD/Fs during pulp hypochlorite bleaching process[J].Environmental Chemistry,2014,33(4):604-610(in Chinese).
[56] WANG X L,ZHANG H J,NI Y W,et al.Kinetics of PCDD/Fs formation from non-wood pulp bleaching with chlorine[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2014,48(8):4361-4367.
[57] LUTHE C E,BERRY R M.The role of dibenzo-p-dioxin and dibenzofuran precursors in the formation of tetrachlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/-furans during bleaching[J].Chemosphere,1996,32(5):881-891.
[58] RENBERG L,JOHANSSON N G,CHRISTIAN B.Destruction of PCDD and PCDF in bleached pulp by chlorine dioxide treatment[J].Chemosphere,1995,30(9):1805-1811.
[59] SONNENBERG L B,DIMMEL D R.Reactions of dibenzo-p-dioxin and dibenzofuran with electrophilic reagents[J].Environmental Science&Technology,1993,27(7):1334-1339.
[60] 全国人民代表大会常务委员会关于批准《关于持久性有机污染物的斯德哥尔摩公约》的决定.关于持久性有机污染物的斯德哥尔摩公约[J].中华人民共和国全国人民代表大会常务委员会公报,2004(5):342-365.Decision of the standing committee of the National People's Congress on approving the"Stockholm Convention on persistent organic pollutants".Stockholm convention on persistent organic pollutants[J].The communique of standing committee of the National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China,2004 (5):342-365(in Chinese).
[61] 国家履行斯德哥尔摩公约工作协调组办公室.中华人民共和国履行《关于持久性有机污染物的斯德哥尔摩公约》国家实施计划[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2008.Coordination group office of national implementation for Stockholm convention.The People's Republic of China-National implementation plan for the Stockholm convention on persistent organic pollutants[M].Beijing:China Environmental Science Press,2008(in Chinese).
[62]
[63] BERRY R M,LUTHE C E,VOSS R H,et al.The effects of recent changes in bleached softwood kraft mill technology on organochlorine emissions:An international perspective[J].Pulp&Paper Canada,1991,92(6):T155-T165.