淮河流域河南段退化河流生态系统修复模式
Ecological restoration modes for Huaihe River basin of Henan, China
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摘要: 针对淮河流域河南段部分河流出现的水资源过度开发利用、水质恶化和生物多样性下降等生态退化问题，根据淮河流域河南段主要河流退化特点，以改善淮河流域河南段退化现状为目标，在河流生态修复技术研究和工程实践的基础上，按照修复技术的功能，筛选出水量调整、水质净化和生物多样性提高等3类共13种适合淮河流域河南段河流生态系统修复技术。为使流域水生态修复更具针对性，根据流域内主要河流断流频率和洪/枯比计算，将流域内的河流分为常年有水型和间歇性断流型，然后以修复模式为修复范式研究的基本单元，分别针对流域内常年有水型河流生态系统的退化特点构建了3种修复模式，针对流域内间歇性断流型河流生态系统的退化特点构建了5种修复模式，以期为流域内退化河流生态系统的修复提供指导。Abstract: This study focused on the ecological problems, such as the excessive exploitation and utilization of the water resources, water pollution, and the biodiversity decline of the Huaihe River basin of Henan. To ameliorate the degradation, ecological restoration modes were established that conformed to the ecological degradation characteristics of the river basin. Based on a summarization of the existing ecological restoration techniques, 13 restoration techniques, suitable to the Huaihe River basin of Henan, were identified. These 13 techniques were divided into three groups, namely, water adjustment, water purification, and biodiversity restoration. The rivers in the Huaihe River basin of Henan were classified into two groups, namely, perennial water and intermittent water. The classification was made according to the calculated results of the cutoff frequency and the ratio of the average flow of the flood period to that of the drought period. These classifications enhanced the relevance of the ecological restoration effort. Various types of restoration modes were established based on the ecological restoration mode of the basic ecological restoration model unit. Three different types and five different types of ecological restoration modes were established, respectively, for the perennial water river ecosystem and for the intermittent water river ecosystem, to guide the ecological restoration of this river basin. The results of this research could effectively guide the ecological restoration of the Huaihe River basin of Henan.
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