2种PBAT/PLA生物降解地膜碎片对土壤溶解性有机碳氮的影响及其植物毒性
Effects of Two PBAT/PLA Biodegradable Mulch Film Fragments on Soil Dissolved Organic Carbon and Nitrogen and Their Phytotoxicity
-
摘要: 为了解生物降解地膜的生态毒性，科学评价其应用的环境安全性，采用盆栽试验，以单子叶植物小麦和双子叶植物小白菜为材料，研究了国内2家企业的聚己二酸-对苯二甲酸丁二酯（butyleneadipate-co-terephthalate，PBAT）/聚乳酸（polylactic acid，PLA）型生物降解地膜（分别用BDM1和BDM2表示）在不同添加量（0、0.5、0.8、3.2、8、16、32、40和80 g·kg-1）下对紫色土pH、溶解性有机碳（dissolved organic carbon，DOC）和有机氮（dissolved organic nitrogen，DON）、植物种子发芽及幼苗生长的影响。结果表明，随地膜添加量提高，土壤pH和DOC含量增高，DON含量降低，其中，土壤pH在2种地膜处理间差异不显著，DOC表现为BDM2>BDM1，DON为BDM1>BDM2。除BDM2添加量高于32 g·kg-1时对小白菜种子发芽有抑制作用外，其余处理对2种作物种子发芽的影响不明显。2种地膜碎片对作物均无致死效应。随着地膜添加量提高，BDM1处理小白菜幼苗干质量呈先增高再降低的变化趋势，BDM2处理小白菜幼苗干质量降低，在添加量高于8 g·kg-1时降幅达显著水平（P<0.05）；BDM1处理可提高小麦根干质量，提高幅度呈先增高后降低的变化趋势，在添加量低于8 g·kg-1时地上部干质量变化不明显，但高于此值时显著降低，而BDM2处理根和地上部干质量在地膜添加量低于3.2 g·kg-1时显著提高，高于此值则显著降低；小麦根冠比（R/S）均随地膜碎片用量的提高而增大。生物降解地膜对小麦和小白菜幼苗生长的影响存在剂量-效应关系，基于拟合方程，求得小白菜幼苗、小麦根和地上部生长的半抑制添加浓度（EC50）为BDM1>BDM2，小白菜幼苗>小麦幼苗。由此说明，生物降解地膜可导致土壤微生物对氮素的固定，BDM2对小麦和小白菜种子发芽和幼苗生长的抑制效应更强。2种作物中，小麦幼苗生长对生物降解地膜的响应较小白菜幼苗敏感。Abstract: The ecological toxicity and environmental safety of biodegradable mulch films (BDMs) are of prime concern along with their application in plant growth and nutrition. To investigate the effects on soil pH, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and nitrogen (DON), seed germination, and seedling growth of plants grown in purple soil, a pot experiment was conducted employing two butyleneadipate-co-terephthalate (PBAT)/polylactic acid (PLA) biodegradable mulch film fragments (designated as BDM1 and BDM2). This experiment aimed to investigate the effects of BDMs on plants as well as evaluate their ecological toxicity and environmental safety. The tested plants included a monocotyledon and a dicotyledonous, i.e., wheat (Triticum aestivum L. var. Ruomai No.1) and pakchoi (Brassica campestris L. var. Sijiqing), respectively. A total of 8 application rates of BDM fragments were used i.e., 0.5, 0.8, 3.2, 8, 16, 32, 40 and 80 g·kg-1. For control treatments, soil without fragment addition was used. The results revealed that soil pH and DOC content increases, whereas DON content decreases with increasing film addition. There was no significant difference found between the two films treated soil for pH values, but the contents of DOC in BDM2 treatment was much higher than those of BDM1 treated soils. In contrast, the content of DON in BDM2 treated soil was lower than those of BDM1 treated soils. Apart from the treatments of BDM2 with application rates higher than 32 g·kg-1 that inhibited the pakchoi seed germination, all other treatments didn't affect the seed germination of both crops. Both the film fragments had no lethal effect on crops. Initially, the biomass of pakchoi seedlings in BDM1 treatment increased, followed by a reduction with the increasing rates of fragment addition. However, in the BDM2 treatment, when the addition rate was higher than 8 g·kg-1, the biomass of pakchoi seedlings showed a significant decrease. For wheat seedlings, BDM1 treatment improved the root biomass but significantly decreased the shoot biomass when applied higher than 8 g·kg-1. The biomass of wheat root and shoot in BDM2 treatments initially increased, followed by a significant reduction, and the highest biomass was found at the rate of 3.2 g·kg-1. In response to a higher rate of plastic fragments, the root to shoot ratio (R/S) of wheat seedlings also increased. There was a dose-dependent relationship between the growth of crop seedlings and rates of fully biodegradable plastic application. According to the fitted dose-response curves for both plants, the EC50 values were BDM1 > BDM2, and for the same plastic film, EC50 values for pakchoi seedlings were higher than those of wheat seedlings. The obtained results demonstrated that biodegradable plastic application can lead to nitrogen immobilization and the BDM2 treatment had a greater inhibitory effect on seed germination and seedling growth than BDM1 treatment. Moreover, the wheat seedlings were more sensitive to biodegradable plastic film than pakchoi seedlings.
-
Key words:
- biodegradable mulch film /
- pakchoi seedling /
- wheat seedling /
- germination rate /
- growth
-
-
Serrano-Ruiz H, Martin-Closas L, Pelacho A M. Biodegradable plastic mulches:Impact on the agricultural biotic environment[J]. The Science of the Total Environment, 2021, 750:141228 Huerta Lwanga E, Mendoza Vega J, Ku Quej V, et al. Field evidence for transfer of plastic debris along a terrestrial food chain[J]. Scientific Reports, 2017, 7(1):14071 马明生, 郭贤仕, 柳燕兰. 全生物降解地膜覆盖对旱地土壤水分状况及春小麦产量和水分利用效率的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2020, 46(12):1933-1944 Ma M S, Guo X S, Liu Y L. Effects of full biodegradable film on soil water status and yield and water use efficiency of spring wheat in dryland[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2020, 46(12):1933-1944(in Chinese)
European Committee for Standardization. EN 17033:2018. Plastics-biodegradable mulch films for use in agriculture and horticulture-requirements and test methods[S]. Brussels, Belgium:European Committee for Standardization, 2018 冯欢, 何文清, 张凤华, 等. 生物降解地膜性能及对棉花产量的影响评价研究[J]. 生态环境学报, 2019, 28(3):580-586 Feng H, He W Q, Zhang F H, et al. Study on the performance of biodegradable film and its influence on cotton yield[J]. Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2019, 28(3):580-586(in Chinese)
王斌, 万艳芳, 王金鑫, 等. 全生物降解地膜对南疆花生产量及土壤理化性质的影响[J]. 花生学报, 2019, 48(2):38-43 , 56 Wang B, Wan Y F, Wang J X, et al. Effects of biodegradable mulch film on peanut yield and soil physical and chemical properties in southern Xinjiang, China[J]. Journal of Peanut Science, 2019, 48(2):38-43, 56(in Chinese)
高维常, 赵中汇, 罗井清, 等. 全生物降解地膜的降解效果及其对烤烟产质量的影响[J]. 贵州农业科学, 2017, 45(3):23-27 Gao W C, Zhao Z H, Luo J Q, et al. Effects of full biodegradable mulching film on degradation, tobacco yield and tobacco quality[J]. Guizhou Agricultural Sciences, 2017, 45(3):23-27(in Chinese)
李水凤, 王华英, 许楚楚, 等. 不同全生物降解膜对茎用莴苣产量的影响[J]. 中国蔬菜, 2021(1):62-65 Li S F, Wang H Y, Xu C C, et al. Effect of different full biodegradation film on stem lettuce production[J]. China Vegetables, 2021 (1):62-65(in Chinese)
苏海英, 宝哲, 刘勤, 等. 新疆加工番茄应用PBAT全生物降解地膜可行性[J]. 农业资源与环境学报, 2020, 37(4):615-622 Su H Y, Bao Z, Liu Q, et al. Degradation of biodegradable mulch film and its effect on the yield of processing tomatoes in the Xinjiang region[J]. Journal of Agricultural Resources and Environment, 2020, 37(4):615-622(in Chinese)
黄瑶珠, 高旭华, 陈明周, 等. 全生物降解除草地膜覆盖在冬种马铃薯的应用效果研究[J]. 广东农业科学, 2017, 44(8):20-25 Huang Y Z, Gao X H, Chen M Z, et al. Application effect of truly biodegradable herbicidal mulching film in winter potato[J]. Guangdong Agricultural Sciences, 2017, 44(8):20-25(in Chinese)
Sreejata B, Sintim H Y, DeBruyn J M. Effects of biodegradable plastic film mulching on soil microbial communities in two agroecosystems[J]. PeerJ, 2020, 8:e9015 Miles C, DeVetter L, Ghimire S, et al. Suitability of biodegradable plastic mulches for organic and sustainable agricultural production systems[J]. HortScience, 2017, 52(1):10-15 Chae Y, An Y J. Current research trends on plastic pollution and ecological impacts on the soil ecosystem:A review[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2018, 240:387-395 Breulmann M, Künkel A, Philipp S, et al. Polymers, Biodegradable[M]//Ullmann's Polymers and Plastics:Products and Processes. Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Wiley VCH, 2016:1231-1260 Harada J, de Souza A G, de Macedo J R N, et al. Soil culture:Influence of different natural fillers incorporated in biodegradable mulching film[J]. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 2019, 273:33-36 Balestri E, Menicagli V, Ligorini V, et al. Phytotoxicity assessment of conventional and biodegradable plastic bags using seed germination test[J]. Ecological Indicators, 2019, 102:569-580 International Organization for Standardization. ISO11269-2:2012. Soil quality-Determination of the effects of pollutants on soil flora-Part 2:Effects of contaminated soil on the emergence and early growth of higher plants[S]. Geneva:International Organization for Standardization, 2012 鲁如坤. 土壤农业化学分析方法[M]. 北京:中国农业科技出版社, 2000:146-203 Zhou J, Gui H, Banfield C C, et al. The microplastisphere:Biodegradable microplastics addition alters soil microbial community structure and function[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2021, 156:108211 樊勇明, 李伟, 温仲明, 等. 黄土区不同恢复年限草地群落生物量及根冠比对氮添加的响应[J]. 生态学报, 2021, 41(24):9824-9835 Fan Y M, Li W, Wen Z M, et al. Responses of grassland community biomass and root-shoot ratio to nitrogen addition in different restoration years on the Loess Plateau[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2021, 41(24):9824-9835(in Chinese)
Boots B, Russell C W, Green D S. Effects of microplastics in soil ecosystems:Above and below ground[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2019, 53(19):11496-11506 Qi Y L, Yang X M, Pelaez A M, et al. Macro- and micro- plastics in soil-plant system:Effects of plastic mulch film residues on wheat (Triticum aestivum) growth[J]. The Science of the Total Environment, 2018, 645:1048-1056 闵文豪, 王春丽, 王莉玮, 等. 全生物降解地膜原料颗粒对土壤性质、小麦生长和养分吸收转运的影响[J]. 环境科学, 2022, 43(1):560-568 Min W H, Wang C L, Wang L W, et al. Effects of biodegradable film raw material particles on soil properties, wheat growth, and nutrient absorption and transportation[J]. Environmental Science, 2022, 43(1):560-568(in Chinese)
Li C, Moore-Kucera J, Lee J, et al. Effects of biodegradable mulch on soil quality[J]. Applied Soil Ecology, 2014, 79:59-69 Chen H P, Wang Y H, Sun X, et al. Mixing effect of polylactic acid microplastic and straw residue on soil property and ecological function[J]. Chemosphere, 2020, 243:125271 马双, 许继飞, 刘宏博, 等. 菌渣中青霉素对蔬菜种子萌发的生态毒性效应[J]. 环境科学研究, 2020, 33(7):1721-1728 Ma S, Xu J F, Liu H B, et al. Ecotoxicity of penicillin in mycelial residues on germination of vegetable seeds[J]. Research of Environmental Sciences, 2020, 33(7):1721-1728(in Chinese)
Sforzini S, Oliveri L, Chinaglia S, et al. Application of biotests for the determination of soil ecotoxicity after exposure to biodegradable plastics[J]. Frontiers in Environmental Science, 2016, 4:68 Wang F Y, Zhang X Q, Zhang S Q, et al. Interactions of microplastics and cadmium on plant growth and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities in an agricultural soil[J]. Chemosphere, 2020, 254:126791 Fritz J, Sandhofer M, Stacher C, et al. Strategies for detecting ecotoxicological effects of biodegradable polymers in agricultural applications[J]. Macromolecular Symposia, 2003, 197(1):397-410 Chen H Y, Wang F, Chen H L, et al. Specific biotests to assess eco-toxicity of biodegradable polymer materials in soil[J]. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 2021, 105:150-162 Mašková T, Herben T. Root:Shoot ratio in developing seedlings:How seedlings change their allocation in response to seed mass and ambient nutrient supply[J]. Ecology and Evolution, 2018, 8:7143-7150 Agathokleous E, Belz R G, Kitao M, et al. Does the root to shoot ratio show a hormetic response to stress? An ecological and environmental perspective[J]. Journal of Forestry Research, 2019, 30(5):1569-1580 -
点击查看大图
计量
- 文章访问数: 2610
- HTML全文浏览数: 2610
- PDF下载数: 62
- 施引文献: 0
下载:
