川南页岩气开发油基钻屑对玉米的生物毒性效应研究
Biotoxic Effect of Oil-based Drilling Cuttings on Maize in Shale Gas Development in Southern Sichuan
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摘要: 以川南页岩气开发过程中产生的油基岩屑为研究对象，考察不同质量百分比浓度的油基岩屑胁迫对玉米生长过程中生长指标的影响，包括玉米的生物量指标(种子出苗率、地面高度、茎叶鲜质量、茎叶干质量、根长、根鲜质量、根干质量)和生理性指标(叶片叶绿素、过氧化氢(H2O2)、丙二醛(MDA)含量)。结果表明，当油基岩屑的质量百分比为100%时，玉米的出苗率仍在86.67%，油基岩屑对玉米种子的发芽率影响较小；不同质量百分比的油基岩屑胁迫下玉米幼苗的生长情况呈现低促进高抑制的现象，各项生长指标之间呈现显著差异(P＜0.05)，其中油基岩屑的质量百分比为100%时对玉米培育后期(30 d)地面高度和根的鲜质量显著影响(P＜0.001)；油基岩屑质量百分比≥50%时，油基岩屑对玉米叶片叶绿素质量浓度、H2O2与MDA的物质的量浓度影响显著(P＜0.01)；随着种植时间的延长和油基岩屑质量百分比的增加，玉米叶片中叶绿素质量浓度呈下降趋势，叶片中H2O2与MDA的物质的量浓度呈上升趋势，其中当油基岩屑的质量百分比为100%时枯萎的黄叶中叶绿素的质量浓度仅为0.15 mg·g-1，H2O2与MDA的物质的量浓度分别是0.09 nmol·g-1、25.91 μmol·g-1，是空白对照组的7.5倍、3.37倍。因此，油基岩屑对玉米的生物毒性效应表现为“低促进高抑制”，低质量百分比浓度(≤25%)的油基岩屑掺杂对玉米的生长无显著影响，这为页岩气开发过程中产生的油基岩屑利用生物降解及农作物对其修复提供了可能，同时也可为实现页岩气开发平台农作物复垦提供了一定的理论支撑。Abstract: Taking the oil-based drilling cuttings derived from the process of shale gas development in southern Sichuan as the research object, the influence of adversity stress of different mass percentages of oil-based cuttings on the growth targets during the growth process of maize were investigated. The growth targets included biomass indexes (such as seed emergence rate, height over land, stem and leaf fresh weight, stem and leaf dry weight, root length, root fresh weight and root dry weight) and physiological indexes of leaf chlorophyll, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents. When the mass percentage of oil-based drilling cuttings was 100%, the germination rate of maize was still 86.67%, reflecting the slight influence of oil-based drilling cuttings. The growth of maize seedling under the stress of different mass percentages of oil-based drilling cuttings presented the phenomenon of low concentration promotion and high concentration inhibition. Generally, the differences between various growth indexes were slightly significant (P<0.05). Among them, the plant height and fresh weight of roots in the later period of maize cultivation (30 d) were significantly affected (P<0.001) when the mass percentage of oil-based drilling cuttings was 100%. The oil-based drilling cuttings had significant effect on the mass concentration of chlorophyll and the molar concentrations of H2O2 and MDA in maize leaves (P<0.01) if its mass percentage was ≥50%. With the prolonged planting time and the increasing mass percentage of oil-based drilling cuttings, the mass concentration of chlorophyll in maize leaves decreased, whereas the molar concentrations of H2O2 and MDA in leaves increased. When the mass percentage of oil-based drilling cuttings was 100%, the mass concentration of chlorophyll in the withered yellow leaves was only 0.15 mg·g-1. At the same time, the molar concentrations of H2O2 and MDA were 0.09 nmol·g-1 and 25.91 μmol·g-1, respectively, which were 7.5 and 3.5 times of the blank control group. Therefore, the bio-toxic effects of oil-based drilling cuttings on maize could be demonstrated as the “low concentration promotion and high concentration inhibition”. The doping of oil-based drilling cuttings with a low mass percentage concentration (≤25%) had little effect on the growth of maize, which offers the possibility of using biodegradation and crops to repair the oil-based drilling cuttings derived from the process of shale gas development. Meanwhile, it also provides a certain theoretical support for realizing the crop reclamation on the platform of shale gas development.
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Key words:
- cadmium /
- oil-based drilling cuttings /
- maize /
- phytotoxicity /
- shale gas development
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