海洋酸化对藻类生态学效应及作用机制的研究进展
Research Progress on Ecological Effects and Mechanism of Ocean Acidification on Algae
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摘要: 目前全球海洋酸化(ocean acidification, OA)问题正在以前所未有的速度快速恶化，使海洋生物以及海洋生态环境面临着巨大的威胁。藻类作为海洋中最主要的初级生产者，贡献了约95%的初级生产力，是物质循环和能量流动的重要环节。海洋酸化能够改变藻类的初级生产力，从而影响海洋食物网中物质和能量从初级到次级生产者及更高营养级的传递，引发食物链效应，进而对整个海洋生态系统带来不可逆转的影响，因此评估海洋酸化对藻类的影响具有重要的生态学研究意义。本文总结了近年来海洋酸化对藻类的光合作用、碳固定、生长、钙化、繁殖等生理生化过程以及对代谢组分和显微结构的影响，归纳了海洋酸化对藻类的分子调控机制，同时围绕海洋酸化与环境因子以及海洋污染物对藻类的复合胁迫展开综述，并基于当前海洋酸化对藻类影响研究中存在的不足做出展望，以期为人们解决海洋酸化问题提供思路和方法。Abstract: Presently, ocean acidification (OA) is escalating at an unprecedented pace, posing a considerable threat to the chemical equilibrium of seawater. This acceleration has the potential to disrupt the marine ecological environment significantly, affecting various organisms. Among these, algae, the primary producers in the ocean, contribute 95% of productivity and play a vital role in material and energy cycling. The increasing acidity in the ocean could alter algae productivity, subsequently impacting material and energy transfer through the marine food web. Such changes may initiate a cascade effect in the food chain, leading to irreversible damage to the entire marine ecosystem. Additionally, algae's heightened sensitivity to environmental changes makes them valuable as “indicator organisms” for monitoring water quality. Therefore, assessing the ecological impact of ocean acidification on algae is crucial for ecological research. This review aims to outline the effects of ocean acidification on the physiological and biochemical processes of algae over recent years. This includes aspects such as photosynthesis, inorganic carbon fixation, growth, calcification, reproduction, as well as metabolic components and microstructure. The review also explores how ocean acidification influences the molecular regulation mechanisms of algae, considering its combined effects with environmental factors and marine pollutants. Furthermore, the article analyzes the limitations of current algae research on ocean acidification and proposes solutions and strategies to address this pressing issue.
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Key words:
- ocean acidification /
- algae /
- ecological effects /
- mechanism of action
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