贵州草海浮游植物群落结构特征及其与环境因子的关系
Phytoplankton Community Structure and Its Relationship with Environmental Factors in Caohai Lake, Guizhou, China
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摘要: 近年来贵州草海生态系统发生明显变化，水体水质和生态系统功能呈现降低趋势。浮游植物对生态环境变化具有重要指示作用，探究草海浮游植物群落结构特征及其与环境因子的关系，对掌握草海生态状况及制定生态恢复策略具有重要意义。本研究于2021年不同季节对贵州草海浮游植物的种类、细胞密度和生物量及水质状况进行采样调查。结果显示，共鉴定出浮游植物7门78种，浮游植物丰度为(3.89±2.08)×107～(2.38±8.01)×108 cells·L-1，浮游植物生物量为(12.46±5.49)～(29.78±8.00) mg·L-1，均呈现夏季>秋季>春季>冬季的变化特征。不同季节浮游植物优势种组成不同，微囊藻(Microcystis sp.)、伪鱼腥藻(Pseudoanabaena sp.)、栅藻(Scenedesmus Meyen sp.)及小环藻(Cyclotella sp.)为全年优势种。浮游植物Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H')全域均值为1.71～2.63，全年均值为2.20；Pielou均匀度指数(J)全域均值为0.52～0.78，全年均值为0.67；Margalef物种丰富度指数(Dm)全域均值为1.30～1.62，全年均值为1.46；综合评价表明草海水体处于富营养化状态。运用Pearson相关性分析法筛选主要环境因子为溶解氧(DO)、高锰酸盐指数(CODMn)、总氮(TN)和总磷(TP)。主要环境因子与浮游植物密度的冗余分析(RDA)及与浮游植物多样性指数的Pearson分析结果表明，TP和DO影响草海浮游植物群落结构的关键因素。与2004年以来的草海生态调查结果相比，2021年草海浮游植物群落结构发生了显著变化且丰度明显上升，处于“草型-藻型”转换的关键时期，须及时采取措施促进沉水植物恢复及防止水华发生。Abstract: In recent years, the aquatic ecosystem of Caohai Lake in Guizhou Province has significantly changed with the deterioration of water quality and lake ecosystem health. Phytoplankton is an important indicator of aquatic ecosystem. It is of great significance to investigate the phytoplankton community structure and its relationship with environmental factors in understanding the ecological status and developing feasible restoration measures for the Lake. This study conducted sampling surveys on the species, cell density and biomass of phytoplankton and water quality during different seasons in 2021. The results indicated that a total of 78 phytoplankton species were identified, belonging to 7 phyla. The abundance and biomass of phytoplankton were (3.89±2.08)×107～(2.38±8.01)×108 cells·L-1 and (12.46±5.49)～(29.78±8.01) mg·L-1, respectively, showing seasonal changes in summer>autumn>spring>winter. The composition of dominant species varied seasonally. Microcystis sp., Pseudoanabaena sp., Scenedesmus Meyen sp. and Cyclotella sp. were the dominant species all year round. The overall mean Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H') of phytoplankton ranged from 1.71 to 2.63, with an annual average of 2.20 The overall mean Pielou evenness index (J) ranged from 0.52 to 0.78, with an annual average of 0.67. The overall mean Margalef species richness index (Dm) ranged from 1.30 to 1.62, with an annual average of 1.46. And the comprehensive evaluation of water ecology showed the water quality was in eutrophication. The results of Pearson correlation analysis revealed that the main environmental factors were dissolved oxygen (DO), permanganate index (CODMn), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP). Redundancy analysis (RDA) and Pearson correlation analysis of phytoplankton community characteristics and environmental factors indicated that the key environmental factors affecting phytoplankton were TP and DO. Compared with the ecological survey of Caohai Lake since 2004, there exists a significant change in phytoplankton communities with an obvious increase in algal cell abundance in 2021, which is a key node for the transition from macrophyte- to phytoplankton-dominated state. Timely measures should be taken to promote the restoration of submerged macrophyte and prevent occurrence of algal blooms.
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