摘要:
本文对西安市74户住宅(194个居室)和10个办公场所(25个房间)进行了甲醛、苯、甲苯、邻二甲苯等8种单体VOC及TVOCs浓度测定,发现西安市室内空气中的污染物浓度整体超标严重. 住宅和办公场所的甲醛超标率在80%—90%之间,最大超标倍数分别为3.89和4.88;TVOCs超标率分别为77.9%和50%,最大超标倍数分别为17.4和49.6. 探讨温、湿度与甲醛和TVOCs浓度的关系发现,甲醛和TVOCs浓度都随温度增加而增加;甲醛浓度随湿度增加先增加后减少,而湿度对TVOCs浓度影响不大. 分析各种装饰材料与污染关系后发现,板材是室内空气中甲醛和TVOCs污染的最主要来源,白乳胶、壁纸、木地板次之. 建议通过夏季晾置房间、减少板材使用和延长晾置时间(至少半年以上)等方式有效减少室内空气污染.
关键词:
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西安
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室内环境
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甲醛
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TVOCs
Abstract:
To investigate the indoor air pollution levels in Xi'an, concentrations of eight monomers of VOCs including formaldehyde, benzene, toluene, o-xylene and TVOCs were determined in 194 residences and 25 office sites. The results show that the concentrations of indoor air pollutants in Xi'an, overall, exceeded the limit values seriously. Formaldehyde concentrations exceeded the national standard in 80% residential and 90% office sites, and the maximum exceeding standard times were 3.89 and 4.88 individually. The TVOCs levels in 77.9% residential and 50% office sites exceeded the national standard, and the maximum exceeding standard times were 17.4 and 49.6. Formaldehyde and TVOCs levels increased with the temperature. TVOCs were barely affected by humidity, while formaldehyde levels first increased with humidity and then decreased. The results showed that the panels are the main source of indoor formaldehyde and TVOCs, followed low white latex,wallpaper,and wood floor. Some methods,such as airing the newly decorated house long enough especially in summer, reducing the use of panels, should be taken to reduce the indoor air pollution effectively in Xi'an.
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