北京市冬季道路沉积物中多环芳烃的污染特征和源解析
Pollution characteristics and source apportionment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in road sediments of Beijing in winter
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摘要: 在北京城区四环以内采集了33个冬季道路沉积物样品，分析其中多环芳烃（PAHs）的含量、分布特征、来源和生态风险.结果表明，16种多环芳烃（PAHs）∑16 PAHs的浓度范围为931.0-2668.7 ng·g-1干重，平均浓度为1602.4 ng·g-1干重，污染物的组成以4环和3环PAHs为主.通过LMW/HMW（低分子量与高分子量PAHs的比值）法、特征比值法和主成分分析法得出，道路沉积物中PAHs主要来自于煤、化石燃料的燃烧以及交通尾气的排放.由TEQBaP分析结果可知，33个采样点PAHs的∑16TEQBaP范围为58.2-324.4 ng·g-1干重，平均值为139.3 ng·g-1干重；所有采样点的∑10TEQBaP范围为33.1-266.8 ng·g-1干重，平均值为95.0 ng·g-1干重，均超过荷兰土壤的目标参考值，说明北京市冬季道路沉积物中PAHs存在潜在的生态风险；其中7种致癌性PAHs（BaA、Chr、BbF、BkF、BaP、IPY和DBA）的TEQBaP占∑16TEQBaP的96.1%-99.3%，平均值为98.5%，是∑16TEQBaP的主要贡献者，并且BaP的贡献率最大.Abstract: Thirty-three road sediment samples within the Fourth Ring of Beijing were collected in the winter, the concentrations, distribution characteristics, sources and ecological risk of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were analysed. Results showed that the total concentrations of 16 PAHs in the road sediments ranged from 931.0 ng·g-1 to 2668.7 ng·g-1 dry weight, and the average concentration was 1602.4 ng·g-1 dry weight. The composition characteristics of pollutants showed that 4- and 3-ring PAHs were the dominant compounds. The LMW/HMW(Ratio of low molecular weight to high molecular weight PAHs), characteristics ratios and principal component analysis indicated that PAHs in the road sediments mainly derived from coal, and fossil fuel combustion and automobile emission. Based on PAHs toxic equivalent concentration (TEQBaP), the total TEQBaP of 16 PAHs in 33 road sediment samples ranged from 58.2 ng·g-1 to 324.4 ng·g-1 dry weight, and the average value was 139.3 ng·g-1 dry weight. The total TEQBaP of 10 PAHs in all samples ranged from 33.1 to 266.8 ng·g-1 dry weight, and the average value was 95.0 ng·g-1 dry weight, which all exceeded the reference value of Holland soil, suggesting that there was a potential ecological risk of PAHs in road sediments of Beijng. Seven highly carcinogenic PAHs(BaA, Chr, BbF, BkF, BaP, IPY and DBA) were the main contributors to the total TEQBaP of 16 PAHs, which accounted for 96.1% to 99.3%, with an average value of 98.5%, and the contribution rate of BaP was the most.
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