基于多元统计方法的岩溶地下水化学特征及影响因素分析
Hydrochemical characteristics of karst groundwater and their influencing factors based on multiple statistical analysis
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摘要: 为研究广西红水河中下游流域马山地区岩溶地下水化学特征及影响因素，综合应用描述性分析、聚类分析和因子分析等多元统计的方法，对研究区36组水样的12项指标进行系统分析.结果表明，研究区地下水化学类型以HCO3-Ca型为主，地下水化学成分具有明显的空间变异性；地下水化学特征受灰岩的风化-溶滤作用、人类活动、白云岩的溶解、工矿业活动等因子的共同影响，4个因子能够解释地下水成分形成的82.88%，其中灰岩的风化-溶滤作用是主要影响因子；地下水中的Ca2+、总硬度（CaCO3）、TDS、HCO3-主要受灰岩的风化-溶滤作用的控制，Cl-、Na+、NO3-和K+主要受人类活动特别是农业和生活废水等因素的影响，Mg2+受白云石矿物溶解的控制，SO42-和F-反映了工矿业活动的影响.Abstract: This paper aimed at investigating the hydrochemical characteristics and their influencing factors of the karst groundwater in Guangxi Hongshui River Downstream Watershed Mashan area. Through descriptive analysis,cluster analysis and factor analysis method,12 indicators of 36 water samples were analyzed. Analytical results of these groundwater samples showed that the groundwater chemical types in the study area were mainly HCO3-Ca type,and the chemical composition of groundwater had obvious spatial variability. Hydrochemistry characteristics of groundwater were under the combined effecsts of weathering and lixiviation of limestone,human activities,dolomite dissolution, and industrial and mining activities,and the four factors can account for the formation of 82.88% groundwater composition. The weathering and lixiviation of limestone effect was the main factor, which was the common influencing source for Ca2+, total hardness (CaCO3), TDS, and HCO3- in groundwater. The anthropogenic contribution,especially the control factors of agricultural and life waste water, was responsible for Cl-,Na+,NO3- and K+ in groundwater. Mg2+ was controlled by the dissolution of dolomite minerals. SO42- and F- manifest the impact of industrial and mining activities.
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