安徽省部分农村室内灰尘中汞的分布特征与健康风险评价
Distribution characteristics and health risk assessment of mercury in indoor dust of some rural areas of Anhui Province
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摘要: 为了解安徽省部分地区农村室内灰尘汞的污染分布特征及其对儿童产生的健康风险，在安徽省11个地级市的农村地区采集灰尘样品132个，采用王水水浴-冷原子荧光法测定灰尘中汞含量；并根据健康风险评价模型，评价室内灰尘中汞对于儿童的健康风险.结果表明，淮南市农村室内灰尘中汞的平均含量高达0.62±0.51 mg·kg-1，显著高于本研究其他地市灰尘中汞含量；与土壤背景值相比，各研究区室内灰尘中汞均存在一定程度的积累，以淮南市、阜阳市较为严重，分别超过背景值25.87和11.21倍；安徽省农村地区室内灰尘中汞含量，主要受到燃煤活动影响，受该地的房屋类型、交通类型因素影响较小；对于儿童的4种途径的平均日暴露量存在差异，呈现出：蒸气吸入 > 手-口摄入 > 皮肤接触 > 呼吸吸入；各地市农村室内灰尘汞对儿童的健康风险系数均小于1，在安全阈值内，非致癌风险较小.但淮南市、阜阳市、六安市风险指数较高，应加以重视.Abstract: In order to investigate the distribution characteristics of mercury (Hg) concentrations in household dust and evaluate the health risk to children posed by dust mercury levels, 132 dust samples were collected from the rural households in 11 prefecture-level cities of Anhui province. Mercury concentrations were determined by using HCl-HNO3 digestion and cold vapor atomic dust fluorescence method. According to the health risk assessment model, the pollution of mercury in indoor dust was evaluated for the health risk of children. Mercury concentrations in indoor dust were 0.62±0.51 mg·kg-1 in rural area of Huainan City, which were significantly different from the rest of the studied cities. Compared with the background mercury concentration in soils, mercury accumulation existed in in door dust from all the studied cites. Serious pollution happened in Huainan and Fuyang City, where the concentrations of mercury were 25.87 and 11.21 times higher than the local background value, respectively. Mercury levels in indoor dust were mainly affected by coal combustion, and less affected by the types of housing and traffic factors. The average daily mercury exposure of children varied in types, following the order of inhalation of Hg vapor, direct ingestion, dermal absorption and inhalation. The health risk coefficients of children in these rural areas were less than 1, which were within the safety threshold with lower non-carcinogenic risk. However, more attention should be paid to the children in Huainan, Fuyang and Lu'an City because of the higher risk indexes of mercury in indoor dust.
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