鸭绿江口与邻近海岸沉积物的重金属背景值
Background values of heavy metals in the sediments of Yalu River estuary and its adjacent coasts
-
摘要: 海洋区域环境背景值具有很强的地域性特点，在评价人为污染强度时，使用全球页岩或其他大范围的地球化学背景值，会使得判断结果出现较大偏差.本文针对鸭绿江口前期重金属研究中因背景值选择差异化造成的评价结果失真的问题，从已发表的鸭绿江的重金属数据中选取210Pb测年数据较为可靠、沉积环境相对稳定的4个柱状样用于区域重金属背景值的确定.通过筛选未受人类污染影响和自然强烈干扰的段落，计算获得鸭绿江口与邻近海岸沉积物重金属元素的背景值为：Cu 10.9 mg·kg-1、Pb 23.2 mg·kg-1、Zn 72.9 mg·kg-1、Cd 0.203 mg·kg-1、Cr 49.8 mg·kg-1、Ni 21.6 mg·kg-1.这一背景值与工业化前全球沉积物重金属最高值相比普遍偏低，与中朝地台页岩重金属背景值相比相对偏高，与其他大范围的重金属背景值的差距也较大；但与中国海域的重金属背景值接近，说明可信度较高.影响鸭绿江口与邻近海岸沉积物重金属背景值的主要因素是粒度、物源和总有机碳（TOC），这一背景值更具有自然性和地域性.Abstract: Background values of heavy metals in marine areas differ extremely among regions. Thus, the results of pollution assessment will be quite different if different background values are used. It is more credible to choose background values within a study area as references. In early studies on the pollution evaluation of the Yalu River estuary and adjacent coasts, incorrect background values of heavy metals were used, therefore, in this study, values that are more appropriate were defined for the first time for the given area. These basic data were collected from the published research results on the contents of heavy metals in four cores with reliable 210Pb dating and a stable sedimentary environment. Background values were determined from sediments that suffered no anthropogenic or natural disturbance. The results showed that background values of the heavy metals in the sediments of the Yalu River estuary and adjacent coasts were: Cu 10.9 mg·kg-1, Pb 23.2 mg·kg-1, Zn 72.9 mg·kg-1, Cd 0.203 mg·kg-1, Cr 49.8 mg·kg-1, and Ni 21.6 mg·kg-1. Compared with preindustrial global maximum values, the background values in the study area were generally low. Compared with background values in the Sino-Korean platform shale, they were relatively high. Compared with background values in other larger regions, they were also very different. However, they were close to background values in the waters in China, which indicated that these data were more credible. The main factors affecting background values of heavy metals in sediments of the Yalu River estuary and adjacent coasts were grain size, provenance, and total organic carbon (TOC). Therefore, the identified background values had more characteristics of naturality and territoriality.
-
Key words:
- Yalu River estuary /
- heavy metals /
- sediment /
- background value.
-
-
[1] 姚书春, 薛滨. 东太湖钻孔揭示的重金属污染历史[J]. 沉积学报, 2012, 30(1): 158-164. YAO S C, XUE B. Heavy metal pollution history inferred from East Taihu Lake cores sediment[J]. Acta Sedimentological Sinica, 2012, 30(1): 158-164 (in Chinese).
[2] 张瑞, 张帆, 刘付程, 等. 海州湾潮滩重金属污染的历史记录[J]. 环境科学, 2013, 34(3): 1044-1054. ZHANG R, ZHANG F, LIU F C, et al. History of heavy metal pollution from tidal flat in Haizhou Bay[J]. Environmental Science, 2013, 34(3): 1044-1054 (in Chinese).
[3] 胡睿, 刘健, 仇建东. 南黄海西部中陆架区近50年来沉积物重金属元素地球化学特征[J]. 海洋地质前沿, 2012, 28(11): 31-37. HU R, LIU J, QIU J D. Geochemical characteristics of heavy metal elements in the sediments of last 50 years in the western middle shelf of South Yellow Sea[J]. Marine Geology Letters, 2012, 28(11): 31-37 (in Chinese).
[4] 滕德强, 吕颂辉, 郭福星, 等. 长江口及其邻近海域表层沉积物中重金属分布和潜在生态危害评价[J]. 海洋地质与第四纪地质, 2012, 32(2): 11-19. TENG D Q, LV S H, GUO F X, et al. Distribution pattern of heavy metals in surface sediments of the Yangtze estuary and adjacent areas and its ecological risk[J]. Marine Geology ＆ Quaternary Geology, 2012, 32(2): 11-19 (in Chinese).
[5] 刘珊珊, 张勇, 龚淑云, 等. 长江三角洲经济区海域沉积物重金属分布特征及环境质量评价[J]. 海洋地质与第四纪地质, 2013, 33(5): 63-71. LIU S S, ZHANG Y, GONG S Y, et al. Distribution pattern of heavy metals in surface sediments of the Yangtze estuary and adjacent pattern area and its ecological risk[J]. Marine Geology ＆ Quaternary Geology, 2013, 33(5): 63-71 (in Chinese).
[6] 张现荣, 张勇, 叶青, 等. 辽东湾北部海域沉积物重金属环境质量和污染演化[J]. 海洋地质与第四纪地质, 2012, 32(2): 21-29. ZHANG X R, ZHANG Y, YE Q, et al. Environment quality of Liaodong Bay and pollution evolution of heavy metals[J]. Marine Geology ＆ Quaternary Geology, 2012, 32(2): 21-29 (in Chinese).
[7] 林曼曼, 张勇, 薛春汀, 等. 环渤海海域沉积物重金属分布特征及生态环境评价[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质, 2013, 33(6): 41-46. LIN M M, ZHANG Y, XUE C T, et al. Distribution pattern of heavy metals in the surface sediments of the area of circum-bohai bay and ecological environment assessment[J].Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology,2013, 33(6): 41-46 (in Chinese).
[8] 高建华, 李军, 王珍岩, 等. 鸭绿江河口及近岸地区沉积物中重金属分布的影响因素分析[J]. 地球化学, 2008, 37(5): 4391-4398. GAO J H, LI J, WANG Z Y, et al. Heavy metal distribution and their influence factors in sediments of Yalu River estuary and its adjacent sea area[J]. Geochimica, 2008, 37(5): 4391-4398 (in Chinese).
[9] 程岩, 刘月, 李富祥, 等. 鸭绿江口及毗邻浅海沉积物重金属富集特征与潜在生态风险比较[J]. 环境科学研究, 2011, 24(5): 516-525. CHENG Y, LIU Y, LI F X, et al. Comparative study of enrichment features and potential ecological risks of heavy metals in sediments of the Yalu River estuary and its adjacent shallow sea area[J]. Research of Environmental Sciences, 2011, 24(5): 516-525 (in Chinese).
[10] 张远辉, 杜俊民. 南海表层沉积物中主要污染物的环境背景值[J]. 海洋学报, 2005, 27(4): 161-166. ZHANG Y H, DU J M. Background values of pollutants in sediments of the South China Sea[J]. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 2005, 27(4): 161-166 (in Chinese).
[11] 郝静, 李淑媛, 周永芝. 渤海辽东湾沉积物中Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd环境背境值初步研究[J]. 海洋学报, 1989, 11 (6): 742-748. HAO J, LI S Y, ZHOU Y Z. Preliminary study on the background value of Cu,Pb,Zn,Cd in the sediments of Liaodong bay of Bohai[J]. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 1989, 11 (6): 742-748 (in Chinese).
[12] 鲍永恩, 刘娟. 葫芦山湾沉积物中重金属集散特征及环境背景值[J]. 海洋环境科学, 1995, 14 (1): 2-8. BAO Y E, LIU J. The feature of concentration and dispersion of the heavy metals and the environmental background values in the sediments of Liaoning Hulushan bay[J]. Marine Environmental Science, 1995, 14 (1): 2-8 (in Chinese).
[13] 杨慧辉. 台湾海峡南部沉积物中某些重金属元素的背景值[J]. 台湾海峡, 1997, 16(1): 28-36. YANG H H. A background survey on heavy metal elemental in sediment of southern Taiwan strait[J]. Journal of Oceanography in Taiwan Strait, 1997, 16(1): 28-36 (in Chinese).
[14] 胡晴晖. 湄洲湾海域底质重金属环境背景值研究[J]. 中国环境监测, 2001, 17(3): 19-21. HU Q H. A study on the environmental background values of heavy metals in the sediments of Meizhou Bay[J].Environmental Monitoring in China, 2001, 17(3): 19-21 (in Chinese).
[15] 马玉, 李团结, 高全洲, 等. 珠江口沉积物重金属背景值及其污染研究[J]. 环境科学学报, 2014, 34(3): 712-719. MA Y, LI T J, GAO Q Z, et al. Background values and contamination of heavy metals in sediments from the Pearl River Estuary[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2014, 34(3): 712-719 (in Chinese).
[16] FRANCISCO J P F, ROZANE V M, LUIZ D L, et al. Background values for evaluation of heavy metal contamination in sediments in the Parnaíba River Delta estuary, NE/Brazil[J]. Marin Pollution Bulletin, 2015, 91(2): 424-428. [17] HERNÁNDEZ-CRESPO C, MARTÍN M. Determination of background levels and pollution assessment for seven metals (Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, Fe, Mn) in sediments of a Mediterranean coastal lagoon[J].Catena, 2015, 133 (10): 206-214. [18] 程岩, 毕连信. 鸭绿江河口浅滩的基本特征和动态变化[J]. 泥沙研究, 2002, 27(3): 59-63. CHENG Y, BI L X. Primary character and motive change of shallow beach in Yalu River mouth[J]. Journal of Sediment Research, 2002, 27(3): 59-63 (in Chinese).
[19] 李雪铭, 程岩. 北黄海淤泥质海岸滩涂资源的开发利用[J]. 国土与自然资源研究, 1994, (4): 14-18. LI X M, CHENG Y. Exploitation and utilization of tidal flat resources in muddy coast of the northern Yellow Sea[J]. Territory & Natural Resources Study, 1994 (4): 14-18 (in Chinese).
[20] HANSON P J, EVENS D W, COLBY D R. Assessment of elemental contamination in estuarine and coastal environments based on geochemical and statistical modeling of sediments[J]. Marine Environmental Research, 1993, 36, 237-266. [21] DASSENAKIS M, ANDRIANOS H, DEPIAZI G, et al. The use of various methods for the study of metal pollution in marine sediments, the case of Euvoikos Gulf, Greece[J]. Applied Geochemistry, 2003, 18 (6): 781-794. [22] 李淑媛, 刘国贤, 苗丰民. 渤海沉积物中重金属分布及环境背景值[J]. 中国环境科学, 1994, 14 (5): 370-376. LI S Y, LIU G X, MIAO F M. The distribution and environmental background values of the heavy metals in sediment of the heavy metals in sediment of the Bohai Sea[J]. Chinese Environmental Science, 1994, 14 (5): 370-376 (in Chinese).
[23] SANTSCHI P H, PRESLEY B J, WADE T L, et al. Historical contamination of PAHs, PCBs, DDTs, and heavy metals in Mississippi River delta, Galveston Bay and Tampa Bay sediment cores[J]. Marine Environmental Research, 2001, 52: 51-79. [24] COBELO-GARC A, PREGO R. Heavy metal sedimentary record in a Galician Ria (NW Spain): Background values and recent contamination[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2003, 46: 1253-1262. [25] 王应飞, 高建华, 石勇,等. 鸭绿江河口西岸潮间带柱状沉积物中重金属的分布特征及其对流域变化的响应[J]. 地球化学, 2014, 43(1): 64-76. WANG Y F, GAO J H, SHI Y, et al. Distribution characteristics of intertidal sediment heavy metal of the western bank of the Yalu River, and its responses to catchment changes[J]. Geochimica, 2014, 43(1): 64-76 (in Chinese).
[26] 刘月, 程岩, 李富祥, 等. 鸭绿江口近百年来重金属垂向沉积的污染评价[J]. 环境科学研究, 2012, 25(5): 489-495. LIU Y, CHENG Y, LI F X, et al. Pollution evaluation of vertical sediments in the Yalu River estuary over the past century[J]. Research of Environmental Sciences, 2012, 25(5): 489-495 (in Chinese).
[27] 乔永民, 黄长江, 杨扬. 粤东柘林湾沉积物重金属背景值初步研究[J]. 热带海洋学报, 2009, 28(2): 81-85. QIAO Y M, HUANG C J, YANG Y. A priliminary study of heavy metal background values in Zhelin Bay of eastern Guangdong Province[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2009, 28(2): 81-85 (in Chinese).
[28] 程岩, 刘月, 高建华, 等. 近百年来人类活动对鸭绿江口河床演变的影响[J]. 地理学报, 2012, 67(5): 609-619. CHENG Y, LIU Y, GAO J H, et al. Influence of human activities on the riverbed evolution in Yalu River estuary during recent one century[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2012, 67(5): 609-619 (in Chinese).
[29] 刘月, 程岩, 李红军,等.鸭绿江口与邻近西海岸沉积记录的耦合[J].海洋学报, 2017, 39(1): 76-88. LIU Y, CHENG Y, LI H J, et al. The coupling of the sedimentary records in the Yalu River estuary and the adjacent western coasts[J]. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 2017, 39(1): 76-88 (in Chinese).
[30] 程岩, 张毅. 鸭绿江下游河道演变及其对港口的影响[J]. 泥沙研究, 1990 (2): 77-84. CHENG Y, ZHANG Y. Evolution of the lower reaches of the Yalu River and its influence on the port[J]. Journal of Sediment Research, 1990 (2): 77-84 (in Chinese).
[31] 李淑媛, 郝静.渤海湾及其附近海域沉积物中Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd环境背景值的研究[J]. 海洋与湖沼, 1992, 23(1): 39-48. LI S Y, HAO J. The study of environment background concentrations of Cu,Pb,Zn,Cd in the sediment of the Bohai bay and adjacent sea area[J]. Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica, 1992, 23(1): 39-48 (in Chinese).
[32] ZHANG J C. Geography to learn basic manual data[M]. Beijing: Ocean Press, 1986: 50-86. [33] LI T. Element abundances of China's continental crust and its sedimentary layer and upper continental crust[J]. Geochimica, 1994, 23(2): 40-145. [34] WU G Y. South of the Yangtze River estuary south coast tidal flat substrate metal pollution and evaluation[J]. Marine Environmental Science, 1994, 13(2): 45-51. [35] 蔡海清, 杜琦, 钱小明, 等. 福建三沙湾海洋沉积物中重金属和过渡元素的来源分析[J]. 地质学报, 2007, 81(10): 1444-1448. CAI H Q, DU Q, QIAN X M, et al. Analysis on source of heavy metals and transitional element in marine sediment in the Sansha bay of Fujian[J]. Acta Geological Sinica, 2007, 81(10): 1444-1448 (in Chinese).
[36] 张旗, 赵太平, 王焰, 等. 中国东部燕山期岩浆活动的几个问题[J]. 岩石矿物学杂志, 2001, 20(3): 273-280. Z Q, ZHAO T P, WANG Y, et al. A discussion on the Yanshanian magmatism in eastern China[J]. Acta Petrologica et Mineralogica, 2001, 20(3): 273-280 (in Chinese).
[37] 李富祥, 李雪铭, 高建华, 等. 基于垂向沉积的近百年来鸭绿江河口环境演变分析[J]. 环境污染与防治, 2012, 34(10): 1-5 , 10. LI F X, LI X M, GAO J H, et al. AnaIysis of environmental evolution during last hundred years according to vertical sediment in the Yalu River estuary[J]. Environmental Pollution and Control, 2012, 34(10): 1-5, 10 (in Chinese).
-
点击查看大图
计量
- 文章访问数: 931
- HTML全文浏览数: 870
- PDF下载数: 355
- 施引文献: 0
下载:
